Xer-mediated site-specific recombination in vitro
Open accessAbstract
The Xer site-specific recombination system acts at ColE1 cer and pSC101 psi sites to ensure that these plasmids are in a monomeric state prior to cell division. We show that four proteins, ArgR, PepA, XerC and XerD are necessary and sufficient for recombination between directly repeated cer sites on a supercoiled plasmid in vitro. Only PepA, XerC and XerD are required for recombination at psi in vitro. Recombination at cer and psi in vitro requires negative supercoiling and is exclusively intramolecular. Strand exchange at cer produces Holliday junction-containing products in which only the top strands have been exchanged. This reaction requires the catalytic tyrosine residue of Xer C but not that of XerD. Recombination at psi gives catenated circular resolution products. Strand exchange at psi is sequential. XerC catalyses the first (top) strand exchange to make a Holiday junction intermediate and XerD catalyses the second (bottom) strand exchange.
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The 11-kb LIR encoded a tyrosine recombinase that belonged to the integrase family.
“The 11-kb LIR encoded a tyrosine recombinase that belonged to the integrase family.43 , 44”
From Whole genomic DNA sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>: high genome plasticity and genetic diversity (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes XerC and XerD as recombinases related to the lambda integrase family and identifies their catalytic tyrosine. It calls them chromosomally encoded; it does not identify an 11-kb LIR or say that the LIR encoded a recombinase. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Minh, P. N. L., Devroede, N., Massant, J., Maes, D., & Charlier, D. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1078 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Are two better than one? Analysis of an FtsK/Xer recombination system that uses a single recombinase
Nolivos, S., Pages, C., Rousseau, P., Bourgeois, P., & Cornet, F. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq507 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Xu, T., Qin, S., Hu, Y., Song, Z., Ying, J., Li, P., Dong, W., Zhao, F., Yang, H., & Bao, Q. (2016) · DNA Research · doi:10.1093/dnares/dsw023 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“The 11-kb LIR encoded a tyrosine recombinase that belonged to the integrase family.(43,44) After a sequence replication event, fusion of the 11-kb copy into adjacent loci of genome might have resulted from the integrasemediated site-specific recombination, which well explains the duplication events.”
BackgroundThe Quiescent-Cell Expression System for Protein Synthesis in Escherichia coli
Rowe, D., & Summers, D. (1999) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.65.6.2710-2715.1999 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tolmasky, M. E., Colloms, S. D., Blakely, G., & Sherratt, D. J. (2000) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-146-3-581 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationBalalovski, P., & Grainge, I. (2020) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.14563 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Dery, K. J., Chavideh, R., Waters, V. L., Chamorro, R., Tolmasky, L. S., & Tolmasky, M. E. (1997) · Plasmid · doi:10.1006/plas.1997.1303 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hayes, F., & Sherratt, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0828 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationThe topology of plasmid-monomerizing Xer site-specific recombination
Colloms, S. D. (2013) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20120340 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleoprotein architecture and ColE1 dimer resolution: a hypothesis
Hodgman, C. T., Griffiths, H., & Summers, D. (1998) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00948.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sense and nonsense from a systems biology approach to microbial recombinant protein production
Sevastsyanovich, Y. R., Alfasi, S., & Cole, J. A. (2010) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ba20090174 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Control of Cre recombination by regulatory elements from Xer recombination systems
Gourlay, S. C., & Colloms, S. D. (2004) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03962.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationDirectional Resolution of Synthetic Holliday Structures by the Cre Recombinase
Lee, L. S., & Sadowski, P. D. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m103739200 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Hallet, B., Sherratt, D. J., & Hayes, F. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1380 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of a conjugative transposon integrase, IntDOT
Malanowska, K., Salyers, A. A., & Gardner, J. F. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05164.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Topology of Xer Recombination on Catenanes Produced by Lambda Integrase
Bath, J., Sherratt, D. J., & Colloms, S. D. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2804 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA binding of Escherichia coli arginine repressor mutants altered in oligomeric state
Chen, S., Merican, A. F., & Sherratt, D. J. (1997) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4301791.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSite‐specific recombination at dif by Haemophilus influenzae XerC
Neilson, L., Blakely, G., & Sherratt, D. J. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01231.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSong, H., Wang, H., Gigot, D., Dimova, D., Sakanyan, V. A., Glansdorff, N., & Charlier, D. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5236 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lin, D. L., Traglia, G. M., Baker, R., Sherratt, D. J., Ramirez, M. S., & Tolmasky, M. E. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9070405 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationZerbib, D., Colloms, S. D., Sherratt, D. J., & West, S. C. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1157 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationC‐terminal interactions between the XerC and XerD site‐specific recombinases
Spiers, A. J., & Sherratt, D. J. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01418.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationPsoralen Cross-Linking as Probe of Torsional Tension and Topological Domain Sizein Vivo
Sinden, R. R., Bat, O., & Kramer, P. R. (1999) · Methods · doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0723 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Karaivanova, I. M., Weigel, P., Takahashi, M., Fort, C., Versavaud, A., Duyne, G. D. V., Charlier, D., Hallet, J. N., Glansdorff, N., & Sakanyan, V. A. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3016 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A pot‐pourri of plasmid paradoxes: effects of a second copy
Yarmolinsky, M. B. (2000) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02127.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
DNA sequence of recombinase‐binding sites can determine Xer site‐specific recombination outcome
Blake, J. A. R., Ganguly, N., & Sherratt, D. J. (1997) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2261600.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationYano, H., Genka, H., Ohtsubo, Y., Nagata, Y., Top, E. M., & Tsuda, M. (2012) · Plasmid · doi:10.1016/j.plasmid.2012.07.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pedersen, I. B., Helgesen, E., Flåtten, I., Fossum‐Raunehaug, S., & Skarstad, K. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx263 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Relating primary structure to function in the Escherichia coli XerD site‐specific recombinase
Spiers, A. J., & Sherratt, D. J. (1997) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4171784.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationStrand Selection by the Tyrosine Recombinases
Lee, L., & Sadowski, P. D. (2005) · Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(05)80001-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pham, H., Dery, K. J., Sherratt, D. J., & Tolmasky, M. E. (2002) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.184.6.1607-1616.2002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA Site-Specific Resolution Systems
Hallet, B., Vanhooff, V., & Cornet, F. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817732.ch7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Li, P. (2010) · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.4014/jmb.1003.03007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bui, D., Ramiscal, J. A. B., Trigueros, S., Newmark, J., Do, A., Sherratt, D. J., & Tolmasky, M. E. (2006) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.188.8.2812-2820.2006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSwitching catalytic activity in the XerCD site-specific recombination machine 1 1Edited by J. Karn
Ferreira, H., Sherratt, D. J., & Arciszewska, L. K. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4940 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationGene Acquisition in Bacteria by Integron‐Mediated Site‐Specific Recombination
Recchia, G. D., & Sherratt, D. J. (2007) · doi:10.1128/9781555817954.ch9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying complexity in DNA structures with high resolution Atomic Force Microscopy
Holmes, E. P., Gamill, M. C., Provan, J. I., Wiggins, L., Rusková, R., Whittle, S., Catley, T. E., Main, K. H. S., Shephard, N., Bryant, H. E., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60559-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBischerour, J., Spangenberg, C., & Barre, F. (2012) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.219 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Homology-dependent interactions determine the order of strand exchange by IntDOT recombinase
Laprise, J., Yoneji, S., & Gardner, J. F. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp927 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kobryn, K., Briffotaux, J., & Karpov, V. (2009) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06584.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Paul, S., & Summers, D. (2004) · Plasmid · doi:10.1016/j.plasmid.2004.04.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Collis, C. M., & Hall, R. M. (2004) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.26596-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Simple topology: FtsK-directed recombination at the dif site
Grainge, I. (2013) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20120299 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Functional Analysis of the C-terminal Domains of the Site-specific Recombinases XerC and XerD
Ferreira, H., Butler-Cole, B. F. C., Burgin, A. B., Baker, R., Sherratt, D. J., & Arciszewska, L. K. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00558-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Colloms, S. D., McCulloch, R., Grant, K., Neilson, L., & Sherratt, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 1996-03-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1172-1181
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC450016
- OpenAlex
- W1538904365
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Nuffield Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- XerC, XerD, ArgR, PEPA, plasmid replication, negative supercoiling, Holliday junction, strand exchange, intramolecular recombination
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Binding Sites, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases, DNA, Superhelical, Escherichia coli, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Plasmids, Recombination, Genetic, Substrate Specificity, Integrases, Escherichia coli Proteins, Recombinases
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