Changes in Sleeping and Basal Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation Induced by Short Term Thyroxin Administration in Man
Open accessAbstract
The present study was designed to explore the thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone administration and the resulting changes in nitrogen homeostasis. Normal male volunteers (n=7) received thyroxin during 6 weeks. The first 3‐week period served to suppress endogenous thyroid secretion (180μg T 4/day). This dose was doubled for the next 3 weeks. Sleeping energy expenditure (respiratory chamber) and BMR (hood) were measured by indirect calorimetry, under standardized conditions. Sleeping heart rate was continuously recorded and urine was collected during this 12‐hour period to assess nitrogen excretion. The changes in energy expenditure, heart rate and nitrogen balance were then related to the excess thyroxin administered. After 3 weeks of treatment, serum TSH level fell to 0.15 mU/L, indicating an almost complete inhibition of the pituitary‐thyroid axis. During this phase of treatment there was an increase in sleeping EE and sleeping heart rate, which increased further by doubling the T 4 dose (ΔEE: +8.5 ± 2.3%, Δ heart rate +16.1 ± 2.2%). The T 4 dose, which is currently used as a substitutive dose, lead to a borderline hyperthyroid state, with an increase in EE and heart rate. Exogenous T 4 administration provoked a significant increase in urinary nitrogen excretion averaging 40%. It is concluded that T 4 provokes an important stimulation of EE, which is mostly mediated by an excess protein oxidation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Short-term studies of supraphysiologic thyroid hormone doses uniformly showed increased resting and 24-hour energy expenditure, but were too brief to document changes in body composition.
“These studies uniformly showed increased resting and 24-hour energy expenditure, but were too brief to document changes in body composition.”
From Effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on energy expenditure and body composition (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Most prior studies of supraphysiologic thyroid hormone doses utilized high doses of levotriiodothyronine (LT3), not minimally suppressive doses of LT4.
“In addition, most utilized high doses of levotriiodothyronine (LT3), not minimally suppressive doses of LT4.”
From Effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on energy expenditure and body composition (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Past studies have reported increased resting or 24-hour energy expenditure and whole body oxygen consumption with exogenous administration of pharmacologic doses of LT4 or LT3 to healthy humans due to increased expression of uncoupling proteins and decreased mitochondrial efficiency.
“Past studies have reported increased resting or 24-hour energy expenditure and whole body oxygen consumption with exogenous administration of pharmacologic doses of LT4 or LT3 to healthy humans (3-7) due to increased expression of uncoupling proteins and decreased mitochondrial efficiency (3,4,7).”
From Effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on energy expenditure and body composition (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Havel, R. J., Eder, H. A., & Bragdon, J. H. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103182 · Cited by 8,756 · see citing works
Durnin, J. V. G. A., & Womersley, J. (1974) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19740060 · Cited by 6,343 · see citing works
Health Implications of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Itallie, T. B. V. (1985) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-983 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Livesey, G., & Elia, M. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/47.4.608 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Frisancho, A. R. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.4.808 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
Klein, I. (1990) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90531-h · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Diamond, T. H., Nery, L., & Hales, I. B. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-6-1184 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Long-term measurements of energy expenditure in humans using a respiration chamber
Jéquier, E., & Schutz, Y. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.6.989 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationTreat Obesity Seriously: A Clinical Manual
Garrow, J. S. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Treat Obesity Seriously. A Clinical Manual
HOFFBRAND, B. I. (1982) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.58.684.671-b · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Total and Free Triiodothyronine in Human Serum*
Nauman, J. A., Nauman, A., & Werner, S. C. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105627 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
James, R. W., & Pometta, D. (1990) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.39.10.1158 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Schütz, Y., Ravussin, É., Diethelm, R., et al. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bartalena, L., Martino, E., Pacchiarotti, A., Grasso, L., Aghini-Lombardi, F., BURATTI, L., Bambini, G., Breccia, M., & Pinchera, A. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-4-849 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Prevalence of obesity in Bombay.
Dhurandhar, N., & Pr, K. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hautvast, J. G. A. J. (1983) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Comparison of the metabolic and endocrine effects of 3,5,3'- triiodothyroacetic acid and thyroxine
Bracco, D., Morin, O., Schutz, Y., Liang, H., Jéquier, E., & Burger, A. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.77.1.8325946 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEditorial: Thyroid Hormones and Bone Mass
Baran, D. T., & Braverman, L. E. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-6-1182 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Thyroid hormones and thermogenesis: The metabolic cost of food and exercise
Acheson, K. J., Jéquier, E., Burger, A., & Danforth, E. (1984) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(84)90048-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationThermogenic effect of thyroid hormones: interactions with epinephrine and insulin.
Piolino, V., Acheson, K. J., Müller, M. J., Jeanprêtre, N., Burger, A., & Jéquier, E. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.3.e305 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationUnaltered glucose-induced thermogenesis in Graves’ disease
Randin, J. P., Schütz, Y., Scazziga, B., et al. (1986) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/43.5.738 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bracco D, Morin 0, Schutz Y, Liang H, Jequler E, Burger A. Comparaison of the metabolic and endocrine effects of Triac and T4. J CUn Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:221-228.
- James RW, Pometta D. Differences in lipoprotein sub- fractioncomposition and distribution betweentype I diabetic men and control subjects. Diabetes. 1990;39:1158-1164.
- Schutz Y, Bracco D. Mesure de la composition cor- porelle par impedancemetrie bioelectrique, Med Hyg (Geneve). 1993;51:770-777.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Samuels, M. H., Kolobova, I., Smeraglio, A., Peters, D., Purnell, J. Q., & Schuff, K. G. (2016) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0345 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Johannsen, D. L., Galgani, J. E., Johannsen, N. M., Zhang, Z., Covington, J. D., & Ravussin, E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040837 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bracco, D., Morin, O., Liang, H., Jéquier, E., Burger, A. G., & Schutz, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Schutz, Yves
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-219
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W1989027119
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- thyroxine, thyroid hormones, basal metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, nitrogen balance, urinary nitrogen excretion, heart rate, hyperthyroidism, TSH suppression, protein oxidation, thermogenesis, thyroid hormone replacement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Calorimetry, Indirect, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Energy Metabolism, Heart Rate, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Nitrogen, Oxidation-Reduction, Sleep, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Time Factors, Triiodothyronine, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
