CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 371Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsHormonal and reproductive studies

Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system

Klein, Irwin·1990·The American Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90531-h
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To understand the pathophysiology of thyroid heart disease, it is necessary to recognize that thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. One of the earliest responses to thyroid hormone administration is a decline in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. In many ways, this response is similar to the cardiovascular response to exercise and is associated with increased left ventricular work. The majority of cardiac adaptations to changes in thyroid function are physiologic; however, certain patients do demonstrate clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Atrial arrhythmias, limitations in exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure are reported to occur as a result of hyperthyroidism and are more common in older patients. Thyroid hormone also plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Diastolic hypertension is a common accompaniment of hypothyroidism. By understanding the mechanisms by which thyroid hormone affects both the peripheral circulation as well as the myocardium, it is possible to predict the clinical response to the treatment of various thyroid disease states.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90531-h

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Sympatho-adrenal stimulation could contribute to sustain BP levels during acute hypothyroidism as a possible mechanism counteracting the decrease in myocardial inotropism and cardiac output.

    “Sympatho-adrenal stimulation could thus contribute to sustain BP levels during acute hypothyroidism as a possible mechanism counteracting the decrease in myocardial inotropism and cardiac output (4,14,15).”

    From The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Blood Pressure Homeostasis: Evidence from Short-Term Hypothyroidism in Humans (2002) · cites this paper as [4]

  • A sensation of palpitation may stem from sinus tachycardia and/or increased cardiac contractility, both of which may have various causes: fever, anaemia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperthyroidism/thyreotoxicosis, postmenopausal syndrome, pregnancy, hypoglycaemia, hypovolaemia, pheochromocytoma, arteriovenous fistula, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, among others.

    “A sensation of palpitation may stem from sinus tachycardia and/or increased cardiac contractility, both of which may have various causes: fever, anaemia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperthyroidism/ thyreotoxicosis, postmenopausal syndrome, pregnancy, hypoglycaemia, hypovolaemia, pheochromocytoma, arteriovenous fistula, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, among others.31 -39”

    From Management of patients with palpitations: a position paper from the European Heart Rhythm Association (2011) · cites this paper as [32]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Klein, I.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Klein, Irwin
Venue
The American Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1990-06
Volume
88
Issue
6
Pages
631-637
ISSN
0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0002-9343(90)90531-h
OpenAlex
W2073919574
Cited by
370
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1r01hl041304-01)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-41304)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
thyroid hormones, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, cardiac contractility, left ventricular work, atrial arrhythmias, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure, diastolic hypertension, blood pressure regulation, myocardium
MeSH terms
Heart, Heart Diseases, Hemodynamics, Humans, Myocardial Contraction, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review