The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Use of polyphosphazenes for skeletal tissue regeneration
Abstract
The hydrolytically unstable polyphosphazenes, poly [(imidazolyl) (methylphenoxy) phosphazenes] and poly [ethyl (glycinato) (methylphenoxy) phosphazenes], were studied as potential polymeric supports for cells in tissue regeneration. For bone repair, their specific function would be to support osteoblast growth, forming a bone–polymer matrix. MC3T3–E1 cells (an osteogenic cell line) were seeded onto polymer matrices and cell adhesion and growth as well as polymer degradation were examined. Both imidazoly‐ and ethyl glycinato‐substituted polyphosphazenes supported the growth of MC3T3–E1 cells. An increase in the content of the imidazolyl side group resulted in a reduction in cell attachment and growth on the polymer surface and an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymer. In contrast, substitution with the ethyl glycinato group favored increased cell adhesion and growth and also an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymers. Thus, the polyphosphazenes represent a system whereby cell growth and degradation can be modulated by varying the nature of the hydrolytically unstable side chain. This in vitro evaluation suggests that the polyphosphazenes may be suitable candidate biomaterials for the construction of a cell–polymer matrix for tissue regeneration. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Increase in imidazolyl side groups resulted in a reduction in cell attachment and growth on the polymer surface and an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymer.”
From Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003) · cites this paper as Laurencin et al. (1993)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, substitution with ethylglycinato group favoured increased cell adhesion and growth and also an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymers.”
From Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003) · cites this paper as Laurencin et al. (1993)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, substitution with ethylglycinato group favoured increased cell adhesion and growth and also an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymers.”
From Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003) · cites this paper as Laurencin et al. (1993)
In the citing paper
“Both materials supported the growth of MC3T3-E1, an osteogenic cell line.”
From Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003) · cites this paper as Laurencin et al. (1993)
In the citing paper
“Increase in imidazolyl side groups resulted in a reduction in cell attachment and growth on the polymer surface and an increase in the rate of degradation of the polymer.”
From Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003) · cites this paper as Laurencin et al. (1993)
Citations
Cites
Tissue Engineering by Cell Transplantation Using Degradable Polymer Substrates
Griffith, L. G., Vacanti, J. P., Vacanti, C. A., Ingber, D. E., Mooney, D. J., & Langer, R. (1991) · Journal of Biomechanical Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.2891228 · Cited by 595
Synthetic Polymers Seeded with Chondrocytes Provide a Template for New Cartilage Formation
Vacanti, C. A., Langer, R., Schloo, B. L., & Vacanti, J. P. (1991) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199111000-00001 · Cited by 548
Establishment of a clonal osteogenic cell line from newborn mouse calvaria
Kodama, H.-A., Amagai, Y., Sudo, H., Kasai, S., & Yamamoto, S. (1981) · Japanese Journal of Oral Biology · doi:10.2330/joralbiosci1965.23.899 · Cited by 506
Biodegradable bone repair materials. Synthetic polymers and ceramics.
Hollinger, J. O., & Battistone, G. C. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 486
Biodegradable Bone Repair Materials
Hollinger, J. O., & Battistone, G. C. (1986) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-198606000-00046 · Cited by 382
Schakenraad, J., Busscher, H. J., Wildevuur, C. R. H., & Arends, J. (1986) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820200609 · Cited by 365
Cellular interactions with synthetic polymer surfaces in culture
Lydon, M. J., Minett, T. W., & Tighe, B. J. (1985) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/0142-9612(85)90100-0 · Cited by 263
Mankin, H. J., Gebhardt, M. C., & Tomford, W. W. (1987) · Orthopedic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(20)30391-6 · Cited by 215
Horbett, T. A., Waldburger, J. J., Ratner, B. D., & Hoffman, A. S. (1988) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820220503 · Cited by 208
van der Valk, P., van Pelt, A. W. J., Busscher, H. J., de Jong, H. P., Wildevuur, C. R. H., & Arends, J. (1983) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820170508 · Cited by 206
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- de Visser A. C., 1984, Controlled release from a biodegradable polymeric system based on polyphosphazene, Adv. Biomater., 5, 373
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–179 of 179
Copolymerization and Contact Lens Application of HEMA-Substituted Polyphosphazene
Kim, T.-H., & Seong, A.-Y. (2009) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/jkcs.2009.53.3.340 · Cited by 23
Novel factor-loaded polyphosphazene matrices: Potential for driving angiogenesis
Oredein-Mccoy, O., Krogman, N. R., Weikel, A. L., Hindenlang, M. D., Allcock, H. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2008) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.1080/02652040802500473 · Cited by 23
Self-citationRey-Viñolas, S., Engel, E., & Mateos‐Timoneda, M. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102451-5.00007-x · Cited by 23
Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Carrier Systems
Domb, A. J., & Khan, W. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13757-6 · Cited by 22
Ghosal, K., Pal, S., Ghosh, D., Jana, K., & Sarkar, K. (2022) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212961 · Cited by 21
Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
(2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420008333-14 · Cited by 22
Specific Cell Behavior of Human Fibroblast onto Carbohydrate Surface Detected by Glycoblotting Films
Onodera, T., Niikura, K., Iwasaki, N., Nagahori, N., Shimaoka, H., Kamitani, R., Majima, T., Minami, A., & Nishimura, S. (2006) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm060027w · Cited by 21
Khan, R. U., Wang, L., Yu, H., Ul-Abdin, Z., Akram, M. A., Wu, J., Haroon, M., Ullah, R. S., Deng, Z., & Xia, X. (2017) · Russian Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1070/rcr4757 · Cited by 21
Preparation of poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-piperazine) nanospheres and their drug release behavior
Mehmood, S., Wang, L., Yu, H., Haq, F., Amin, B.-U., Uddin, M. A., Fahad, S., Haroon, M., Shen, D., & Ni, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Polymeric Materials · doi:10.1080/00914037.2020.1809407 · Cited by 20
Functionalized polymers for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines
Tariverdian, T., Navaei, T., Milan, P. B., Samadikuchaksaraei, A., & Mozafari, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816349-8.00016-3 · Cited by 19
Aldini, N. N., Caliceti, P., Lora, S., Fini, M., Giavaresi, G., Rocca, M., Torricelli, P., Giardino, R., & Veronese, F. M. (2001) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(00)00074-7 · Cited by 19
Cell Interactions with Polymers
Saltzman, W. M., & Kyriakides, T. R. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370615-7/50024-x · Cited by 18
Biodegradable polyphosphazenes for regenerative engineering
Chen, F., Teniola, O. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2022) · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources · doi:10.1557/s43578-022-00551-z · Cited by 18
Self-citationKim, H. D., Smith, J. G., & Valentini, R. F. (1998) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/ten.1998.4.35 · Cited by 18
Textile scaffolds in tissue engineering
Ramakrishna, S. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781855737600.291 · Cited by 17
Vicente, V., Fruchier, A., Taillefer, M., Combes-Chamalet, C., Scowen, I. J., Plénat, F., & Cristau, H. (2004) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b311046j · Cited by 17
Enhanced biocompatibility of polyphosphazenes achieved by radiation grafting
Carenza, M., Lora, S., Palma, G., Pezzin, G., & Caliceti, P. (1996) · Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0969-806x(95)00421-s · Cited by 17
Co‐electrospun composite nanofibers of blends of poly[(amino acid ester)phosphazene] and gelatin
Lin, Y., Cai, Q., Li, L., Li, Q., Yang, X., & Jin, R. (2009) · Polymer International · doi:10.1002/pi.2735 · Cited by 16
Inorganic‐organic polymers as a route to biodegradable materials
Allcock, H. R. (1999) · Macromolecular Symposia · doi:10.1002/masy.19991440105 · Cited by 16
Self-citationCRITICAL REVIEW IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
publisher, P. E. (2014) · ADVANCED SCIENCES INDEX · Cited by 16
Biodegradable polyphosphazene – hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering
Subash, A., Basanth, A., & Kandasubramanian, B. (2022) · International Journal of Polymeric Materials · doi:10.1080/00914037.2022.2082426 · Cited by 17
Textile-based scaffolds for tissue engineering
Kun, M., Chan, C., & Ramakrishna, S. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845696306.2.289 · Cited by 15
Polyphosphazene Microcapsules Fabricated through Covalent Assembly
Feng, Z., Fan, G., Wang, H., Gao, C., & Shen, J. (2009) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.200800636 · Cited by 14
Natural and Synthetic Polymeric Scaffolds
Yoon, D. M., & Fisher, J. P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_6 · Cited by 14
Cell interactions with polymers
Saltzman, W. M., & Kyriakides, T. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818422-6.00017-4 · Cited by 14
Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Yoon, D. M., & Fisher, J. P. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420008333.sec2 · Cited by 14
Gurav, N., & Downes, S. (1994) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00213135 · Cited by 13
Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering
Chen, Q. (2013) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-417-3_23 · Cited by 341
Functions and Requirements of Synthetic Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Karande, T. S., & Agrawal, M. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420051834.ch3 · Cited by 12
Polyphosphazene-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Engineering
Ogueri, K. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2018) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2018-1298.ch003 · Cited by 11
Self-citationBiodegradation and Biocompatibility of Polyorganophosphazene
Kawakami, H., Kanezaki, S., Sudo, M., Kanno, M., Nagaoka, S., & Kubota, S. (2002) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.07029.x · Cited by 11
Nair, L. S., Bender, J. D., Singh, A., Sethuraman, S., Greish, Y. E., Brown, P. W., Allcock, H. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2004) · MRS Proceedings · doi:10.1557/proc-844-y9.7 · Cited by 11
Self-citationBurgess, E. A., & Hollinger, J. O. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008042689-1/50022-4 · Cited by 10
Biodegradable Polyphosphazene Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Nukavarapu, S. P., Kumbar, S. G., Allcock, H. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470478882.ch8 · Cited by 10
Self-citationMateos‐Timoneda, M. A. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845696610.2.231 · Cited by 9
The degradation rate of polyanhydride (poly(sebacic acid), diacetoxy terminated, PSADT)
Cui, Z., Peng, Y., Li, K., Peng, J., Zhao, H., Turng, L., & Shen, C. (2013) · Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed · doi:10.1007/s11595-013-0770-x · Cited by 9
Biodegradable Polyphosphazene Blends for Biomedical Applications
Deng, M., Nair, L. S., Krogman, N. R., Allcock, H. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470478882.ch9 · Cited by 9
Self-citationSynthetic Biomedical Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
Katti, D. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203492901.ch13 · Cited by 8
Self-citationNiaounakis, M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3145-9.00007-5 · Cited by 8
Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering for Orthopedic Surgical Applications
Yaszemski, M. J., & Yasko, A. W. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008042689-1/50013-3 · Cited by 8
Engineering Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Grafts
Betz, M. W., Yoon, D. M., & Fisher, J. P. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-366-6_6 · Cited by 7
Chen, C., Qian, Y., Sun, C., & Huang, X. (2015) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c5sm01354b · Cited by 7
Classes of Materials Used in Medicine
Abramson, S. D., Alexander, H., Best, S. M., Bokros, J., Brunski, J., Colas, A., Cooper, S. L., Curtis, J., Haubold, A. D., Hench, L. L., et al. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012582460-6/50005-0 · Cited by 7
Harry R. Allcock – A True Pioneer in the Field of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers
Allen, C. W. (2006) · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials · doi:10.1007/s10904-006-9053-8 · Cited by 6
James, R., Deng, M., Kumbar, S. G., & Laurencin, C. T. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396983-5.00012-0 · Cited by 6
Self-citationJohnston, E., Emani, C., Kochan, A., Ghebrehawariat, K. B., Tyburski, J. B., Johnston, M., & Rabago, D. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics · doi:10.1186/s40634-020-00312-z · Cited by 6
Cai, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, F., Shen, H. Y., Yang, X., & Wang, S. (2010) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.1783 · Cited by 5
Polymers as Bioactive Materials II: Synthetic/Biodegradable Polymers and Composites
Kaur, G. (2017) · Series in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45716-1_3 · Cited by 5
Physicochemical properties of biomaterials
Ball, V. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102906-0.00002-7 · Cited by 5
Biocompatibility of starch-based polymers
Marques, A. P., Pirraco, R. P., & Reis, R. L. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845694814.6.738 · Cited by 5
Lee, B. H., & Song, S. (2010) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.33181 · Cited by 5
Nucleophilic cosubstitution of poly(dichlorophosphazene) with alkyl ether and amino acid ester
Zhang, T., Cai, Q., Wu, Z. P., Li, C. Q., & Jin, R. (2005) · Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1002/pola.20722 · Cited by 4
Polyphosphazenes as Biomaterials
Deng, M., Laurencin, C. T., Allcock, H. R., & Kumbar, S. G. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13757-5 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBiodegradable Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications
Barua, M., Teniola, O. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2023) · Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40883-023-00318-w · Cited by 3
Self-citationDegradable Phosphazene Polymers and Blends for Biomedical Applications
Carenza, M., Lora, S., & Fambri, L. (2004) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48584-8_9 · Cited by 3
Electrospun Polyphosphazene Nanofibers for In Vitro Osteoblast Culture
Conconi, M. T., Carampin, P., Lora, S., Grandi, C., & Parnigotto, P. P. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470478882.ch11 · Cited by 3
Biocompatibility of fluorinated poly(organophosphazene)
Kanezaki, S., Kawakami, H., Nagaoka, S., & Kubota, S. (2003) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1163/156856203766652075 · Cited by 2
Lee, M. J., & Sung, A.-Y. (2016) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/jkcs.2016.60.4.261 · Cited by 2
Synthesis of Synthetic Polymers
Allcock, H. R. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012436636-7/50166-x · Cited by 2
Self-citationPolyphosphazene Macromolecular Substitution as an Embodiment of Reactive Polymer Science
Allcock, H. R. (2025) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2498-0_16 · Cited by 1
Self-citationUstun-Karatop, E., & Çakır-Koç, R. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation · doi:10.1007/s12247-021-09598-7 · Cited by 1
Functions and Requirements of Synthetic Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Karande, T. S., Kaufmann, J., & Agrawal, C. M. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17444-5 · Cited by 1
Prosthetic and Biomedical Devices
Szycher, M. (2000) · Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1618151919262503.a01 · Cited by 1
Biodegradation of Polyphosphazenes
Zhu, K., & Qiu, L. (2002) · Biopolymers Online · doi:10.1002/3527600035.bpol9022 · Cited by 1
Biomaterials, Prosthetics, and Biomedical Devices
Szycher, M., Qiu, J., & Tanaka, M. (2004) · Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1618151919262503.a01.pub2 · Cited by 1
Biodegradable Polymers: Polyphosphazenes
Deng, M., James, R., Jiang, T., Kumbar, S. G., & Laurencin, C. T. (2016) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.1081/e-ebpp-120049276 · Cited by 1
Self-citationRutkowski, G. E. (2006) · Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation · doi:10.1002/0471732877.emd276 · Cited by 1
Resorbable Materials in Orthopedic Surgery
Borden, M. D. (2006) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1002/9780471740360.ebs0121
Functional Co-substituted Poly[(amino acid ester)phosphazene] Biomaterials
Baillargeon, A. L. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Appendix: Harry R. Allcock Bibliography
Allcock, H. R. (2007) · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials · doi:10.1007/s10904-006-9069-0
Self-citationEmpson, Y. M., & Freeman, J. W. (2014) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Development of a hybrid scaffold for cartilage tissue generation
Thomas, J. (2008) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
Borden, M. D. (2006) · Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation · doi:10.1002/0471732877.emd021
Mikhalovsky, S. V., Mikhalovska, L. I., Nikolaev, V. G., Chernyshev, V. I., Sarnatskaya, V. V., Bardakhivskaya, K. I., Nikolaev, A. V., Сахно, Л. А., Shastri, V. P., Lipski, A. M., et al. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2550-1_4
Self-citationScaffolds, Polymeric: Tissue Engineering
Yoon, D. M., & Fisher, J. P. (2016) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.1081/e-ebpp-120052180
The Importance of Polymers in Medicine and Their FTIR and Raman Spectroscopic Investigations
Çeli̇k, S., Akyüz, S., & Özel, A. E. (2023) · Advances in chemical and materials engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6009-2.ch010
Polyphosphazenes for Bone Regeneration
Barua, M., Teniola, O. R., & Laurencin, C. T. (2025) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2498-0_17
Self-citationBetz, M. W. (2009) · University Libraries (University of Maryland)
- Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Laurencin, C. T., Norman, M. E., Elgendy, H. M., El‐Amin, S. F., Allcock, H. R., Pucher, S. R., & Ambrosio, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laurencin, Cato T.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 963-973
- ISSN
- 0021-9304 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4636
- OpenAlex
- W2082515652
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- polyphosphazenes, bone regeneration, osteoblast proliferation, MC3T3-E1 cells, cell adhesion, polymer degradation, biomaterials
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Regeneration, Cell Adhesion, Cell Division, Cell Line, Organophosphorus Compounds, Polymers, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review