Androgen axis in prostate cancer.

Culig, Zoran; Bartsch, Georg

doi:10.1002/jcb.20898

Cited by 102Prostate Cancer Treatment and ResearchEstrogen and related hormone effectsProstate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Androgen axis in prostate cancer.

Culig, Zoran, Bartsch, Georg·2006·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry

DOI 10.1002/jcb.20898

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Abstract

Endocrine therapy for advanced prostate cancer is based on androgen ablation or blockade of the androgen receptor (AR). AR action in prostate cancer has been investigated in a number of cell lines, their derivatives, and transgenic animals. AR expression is heterogenous in prostate cancer in vivo; it could be detected in most primary tumors and their metastases. However, some cells lack the AR because of epigenetic changes in the gene promoter. AR expression increases after chronic androgen ablation in vitro. In several xenografts, AR upregulation is the most consistent change identified during progression towards therapy resistance. In contrast, the AR pathway may be by-passed during chronic treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-androgen. AR sensitivity in prostate cancer increases as a result of activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. One of the major difficulties in endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is acquisition of agonistic properties of AR antagonists observed in the presence of mutated AR. Enhancement of AR function by associated coactivator proteins has been extensively investigated. Cofactors SRC-1, RAC3, p300/CBP, TIF-2, and Tip60 are upregulated in advanced prostate cancer. Most studies on ligand-independent activation of the AR are focused on Her-2/neu and interleukin-6 (IL-6). On the basis of studies that showed overexpression and activation of the AR in advanced prostate cancer, it was suggested that novel therapies that reduce AR expression will provide a benefit to patients. There is experimental evidence showing that prostate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo is inhibited following administration of chemopreventive drugs or antisense oligonucleotides that downregulate AR mRNA and protein expression.

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Authors: Culig, Z., & Bartsch, G.
Affiliations: Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
Venue: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-04-05
Volume: 99
Issue: 2
Pages: 373-381
ISSN: 0730-2312 (ISSN-L)
1097-4644
DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20898
OpenAlex: W1997465238
Cited by: 102
References: 63
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 1.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: prostate cancer, androgen receptor, androgen deprivation therapy, androgen receptor antagonists, endocrine therapy, treatment resistance, androgen receptor coactivator, ligand-independent receptor activation, HER2/neu, interleukin-6, epigenetic silencing, antisense oligonucleotides, chemoprevention, metastasis
MeSH terms: Androgen Antagonists, Androgens, Animals, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Mutation, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Prostatic Neoplasms, Receptors, Androgen, Gene Expression, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell Line, Tumor

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Androgen axis in prostate cancer.

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