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Cited by 36Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchMigration, Health and TraumaMental Health Treatment and Access

Ethnic Identity and Major Depression in Asian American Subgroups Nationwide: Differential Findings in Relation to Subcultural Contexts

Ai, Amy L., Nicdao, Ethel G., Appel, Hoa B., Lee, Daniel Hyung Jik·2015·Journal of Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1002/jclp.22214
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Abstract

Objectives: Asian Americans (AA) are the fastest growing minority population in the United States. Leading AA scholars have highlighted the unmet service needs and the necessity to investigate subgroup variations in the mental health of AAs. This study addressed a research gap of whether racial and ethnic identity (REI) in three AA subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese) consistently protects against major depressive disorder (MDD), counteracting the deleterious role of discrimination. Method: Using the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we explored the varying and incremental predictive values of REI, above and beyond the effects of known demographic and acculturation predictors, alongside other potentially protective factors. Results: In three sets of two‐step logistic regressions, REI had an inverse relationship with MDD in the Filipino subgroup only but a positive association in the Chinese subgroup. The damaging role of negative REI moderated the effect of discrimination. The longest stay in the United States and discrimination predicted a higher likelihood of a MDD diagnosis in the Filipino subgroup. Social support contributed to the lower odds of MDD in Chinese and Vietnamese subgroups, had lower odds of having MDD, and religious attendance may act as a protective factor in the Vietnamese subgroup. Conclusion: Our findings do not reinforce uniform protection of REI but lend partial support for two underlying rationales. Based on cultural psychologists’ framework, inconsistent findings are interpreted within the sociocultural contexts of the 3 subgroups.

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  • Potential variations in experience of Self-as-Context may be further shaped by subcultures within broader Asian cultures, such as differences between Filipinx and Vietnamese communities.

    “It is also important to recognize that these potential variations in experience of Self-as-Context may be further shaped by subcultures within broader Asian cultures, such as differences between Filipinx and Vietnamese communities.63”

    From Differential associations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes with psychological distress across racial groups. (2026) · cites this paper as [63]

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Authors
Ai, A. L., Nicdao, E. G., Appel, H. B., & Lee, D. H. J.
Affiliations
  • Florida State University (US)
  • University of the Pacific (US)
  • University of Washington Bothell (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Ai, Amy L.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-09-03
Volume
71
Issue
12
Pages
1225-1244
ISSN
  • 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-4679
DOI
10.1002/jclp.22214
OpenAlex
W1939000455
Cited by
36
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
FWCI
15.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH067555)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
Asian Americans, ethnic identity, ethnic-racial identity, major depressive disorder, depression, Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans, Vietnamese Americans, discrimination, acculturation, social support, religious service attendance, protective factors, sociocultural context
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian, China, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Philippines, Social Identification, Vietnam, Young Adult

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