COVID-19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis
Open accessAbstract
Background At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID-19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths. Discussion SARS-CoV-2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS-CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID-19 is still not available. Conclusions In the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID-19 infections.
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The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein facilitates binding of viral envelopes to ACE2 receptors expressed on host cell surfaces.
“the S protein facilitates the binding of viral envelopes to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed on host cells surfaces [15].”
From Effects of Mangiferin on LPS-Induced Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Adsorption in Human Lung Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
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Spampinato, M., Carota, G., Sferrazzo, G., Fuochi, V., Distefano, A., Ronsisvalle, S., Sipala, F., Giuffrida, R., Furneri, P. M., Di Rosa, M., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122845 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The scientific literature widely reported that envelope spike proteins (S) represent the way through which the virus interacts and infects human cells; in fact, the S protein facilitates the binding of viral envelopes to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed on host cells surfaces [15].”
Background
- Authors
- Mohamadian, M., Chiti, H., Shoghli, A., Biglari, S., Parsamanesh, N., & Esmaeilzadeh, A.
- Affiliations
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Parsamanesh, Negin
- Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolreza
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Gene Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e3303-e3303
- ISSN
- 1099-498X (ISSN-L)
- 1521-2254
- PMC
- PMC7883242
- OpenAlex
- W3113087467
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 54
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Gene Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus pathogenesis, viral pneumonia, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, coronavirus structural proteins, coronavirus vaccines, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, clinical symptoms
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Humans, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Microarray Analysis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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