Single-cell protein production through microbial conversion of lignocellulosic residue (wheat bran) for animal feed
Open accessAbstract
Agricultural residue (wheat bran) rich in carbohydrates was utilized in the fermentation process to produce microbial biomass. Single-cell biomass consists of the dried cells of microorganisms, which are used as protein supplements in human food and in animal feed. In the present study, two different microorganisms (Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus) were studied for biomass production. To enhance the nutritional contents of wheat bran, a number of different fermentation parameters (effect of inoculum size, age of inoculum, incubation period, moisture to substrate ratio and incubation temperature) were optimized. Maximum yield was obtained at an inoculum size of 10% (v/w), with the age of the inoculum being a 48 h old culture. A fermentation period of 48 h was found to give the maximum protein yield and viable counts of yeast cells and mould hyphae. The microorganisms showed good growth at 30 °C. After complete optimization of the fermentation parameters, a batch of wheat bran was fermented with C. utilis and R. oligosporus under the optimized conditions, resulting in a maximum crude protein yield of 41.02% compared with the 4.21% crude protein of the non-fermented wheat bran. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
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Yunus et al. produced a single cell protein by growing Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus on wheat bran.
“Yunus et al., produced a single cell protein by growing Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus on wheat bran [114].”
From Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy (2021) · cites this paper as [114]
A protein yield of 41.02% was obtained at optimal fermentation conditions of 30 °C and 48 h.
“A protein yield of 41.02% was obtained at optimal fermentation conditions of 30 °C and 48 h [114].”
From Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy (2021) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Yunus, F.-U.-N., Nadeem, M., & Rashid, F.
- Affiliations
- Lahore College for Women University (PK)
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Yunus, Fakhar-un-Nisa
- Venue
- Journal of the Institute of Brewing
- Published
- 2015-09-22
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 553-557
- ISSN
- 0046-9750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1899530815
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 6.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Institute of Brewing (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Advanced Scientific Research Methods
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- microbial protein, wheat bran, lignocellulosic waste, Candida utilis, Rhizopus oligosporus, microbial fermentation, crude protein yield, animal feed, fermentation parameter optimization, inoculum size, agricultural waste valorization
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