The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motivations of aspiring male and female entrepreneurs
Abstract
This study examines the motives that stimulate individuals into becoming business proprietors. More specifically, it aims to discover if entrepreneurs have multiple motives for creating their enterprises, if non‐economic motives predominate over economic ones, and if men and women have similar reasons for business founding. Results, based on personal interviews with 35 men and 34 women, indicate that both genders have a variety of reasons for founding and that women, as well as men, are primarily motivated by autonomy, achievement, a desire for job satisfaction and other non‐economic rewards. A desire to make money is not, however, an unimportant motive. Turning to differences in motives we find that women are less concerned with making money and often choose business proprietorship as a result of career dissatisfaction. They also see entrepreneurship as a means of meeting simultaneously their own career needs and the needs of their children.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
McClelland, D. C. (1961) · doi:10.1037/14359-000 · Cited by 4,998
Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement.
Anderson, T. R., & Oppenheim, A. N. (1967) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575369 · Cited by 899
N achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study.
McClelland, D. C. (1965) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0021956 · Cited by 828
The Female Entrepreneur: A Career Development Perspective
Bowen, D. D., & Hisrich, R. D. (1986) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258468 · Cited by 426
Management motivation in the smaller business
Stanworth, J., & Curran, J. M. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 157
AN ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE
Lynn, R. (1969) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1969.tb01226.x · Cited by 112
Technical Entrepreneurship: A Symposium.
Cooper, A. C., & Komives, J. L. (1972) · Cited by 105
Some Measurements of Achievement Orientation
Kahl, J. A. (1965) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/223961 · Cited by 63
Some characteristics of technical entrepreneurs
Roberts, E. B., & Wainer, H. A. (1971) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.1971.6447137 · Cited by 55
Cited by
The emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems: A complex adaptive systems approach
Roundy, P. T., Bradshaw, M., & Brockman, B. K. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.032 · Cited by 681
BarNir, A., Watson, W. E., & Hutchins, H. M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00713.x · Cited by 508
Metadata
- Authors
- Cromie, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Organizational Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1987-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 251-261
- ISSN
- 0894-3796 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1379
- OpenAlex
- W2113421269
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Motivations of aspiring male and female entrepreneurs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/job.4030080306
- The paper
- Cromie, S. (1987). Motivations of aspiring male and female entrepreneurs. Journal of Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030080306
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.