Four Text‐Mining Methods for Measuring Elaboration
Abstract
When individuals engage in divergent thinking, they vary on their Elaboration, or the degree to which they explain and embellish their responses. Although Elaboration has been considered relevant to creativity research for decades, its measurement has remained under‐developed. Here, we leverage technical and methodological perspectives from the text‐mining literature to posit four methods for quantifying elaboration: Unweighted Word Count, Stoplisted Inclusion, Part of Speech Inclusion, and Inverse Frequency Weighting. Although the Unweighted Word Count method is becoming typical in the field, more complex weighting methods appear to better fit the conceptualization of Elaboration. We explain the benefits of each of the included methods and demonstrate their application to responses from the Alternate Uses Task: showing that all four of these text‐mining methods produced Elaboration scores with high levels of reliability, but the Stoplisted Inclusion method appeared to maximize the score validity both in terms of criteria correlations and power to discriminate among creative experts and non‐experts. We offer an open‐access module for creativity researchers to apply these methods to their own data via our laboratory website [https://openscoring.du.edu/].
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Among several potential computational means of gauging idea elaboration, stoplisted word count demonstrates the strongest correlation with human judgments of elaboration.
“Among several potential computational means of gauging idea elaboration (which is roughly synonymous with complexity or level of detail), stoplisted word count (i.e., counting the words used to express the idea while excluding a 'stoplist' of common low-information filler words) demonstrates the strongest correlation with human judgments of elaboration [27].”
From Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Dumas, D., Organisciak, P., Maio, S., & Doherty, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Denver (US)
- Actors' Equity Association (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dumas, Denis
- Venue
- The Journal of Creative Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-28
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 517-531
- ISSN
- 0022-0175 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-6057
- OpenAlex
- W3088387423
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Creative Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Computational and Text Analysis Methods
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
- Keywords
- elaboration, divergent thinking, creativity assessment, word count, alternative uses task, scoring reliability, scoring validity
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