Assessing creativity with divergent thinking tasks: Exploring the reliability and validity of new subjective scoring methods.
Open accessAbstract
Divergent thinking is central to the study of individual differences in creativity, but the traditional scoring systems (assigning points for infrequent responses and summing the points) face well-known problems. After critically reviewing past scoring methods, this article describes a new approach to assessing divergent thinking and appraises its reliability and validity. In our new Top 2 scoring method, participants complete a divergent thinking task and then circle the two responses that they think are their most creative responses. Raters then evaluate the responses on a 5-point scale. Regarding reliability, a generalizability analysis showed that subjective ratings of unusual-uses tasks and instances tasks yield dependable scores with only 2 or 3 raters. Regarding validity, a latent-variable study (n = 226) predicted divergent thinking from the Big Five factors and their higher-order traits (Plasticity and Stability). Over half of the variance in divergent thinking could be explained by dimensions of personality. The article presents instructions for measuring divergent thinking with the new method.
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Uniqueness is sensitive to sample size.
“Because uniqueness is sensitive to sample size [79], we also attempted two common alternative approaches to assessing originality: counting idea categories that less than 5% of the participants produced as unique [58], and weighting each idea category by the frequency of its occurrence in the entire sample for this study to produce a weighted flexibility score [34, 75].”
From Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Willse, J. T., Barona, C. M., Cram, J. T., Hess, K. I., Martinez, J. L., & Richard, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 68-85
- ISSN
- 1931-3896 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-390X
- OpenAlex
- W2044794412
- Cited by
- 912
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 21.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- libres.uncg.edu
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- divergent thinking, creativity assessment, reliability statistics, validity, generalizability analysis, latent variable analysis, Big Five personality traits, individual differences in creativity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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