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Neanderthal palaeoecology in the late Middle Palaeolithic of western Iberia: a stable isotope analysis of ungulate teeth from Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal)

Carvalho, Milena, Jones, Emily Lena, Ellis, M. Grace, Cascalheira, João, Bicho, Nuno, Meiggs, David, Benedetti, Michael, Friedl, Lukas, Haws, Jonathan·2022·Journal of Quaternary Science
DOI 10.1002/jqs.3363
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Abstract

Adaptation to Late Pleistocene climate change is an oft‐cited potential contributor to Neanderthal disappearance in Eurasia. Accordingly, research on Neanderthal behaviour – including subsistence strategies, mobility, lithic technology, raw material procurement and demography – often focuses on linking changes observable in the archaeological record to specific phases of climate and environmental change. However, these correspondences are often tenuous because palaeoclimatic and archaeological records are rarely available on the same scale. In Iberia, a critical location for understanding the demise of Neanderthals, some research indicates that Neanderthal populations were unable to recover from environmental degradations known as Heinrich Events, while other studies suggest that enclaves of Neanderthal populations survived for several millennia longer in refugial zones. Here, we present a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction study using analysis of δ 13 C and δ 18 O of herbivore tooth enamel recovered from two Mousterian deposits at Lapa do Picareiro, a site located in Portuguese Estremadura. We then use these data, combined with other site‐based palaeoenvironmental indicators, to assess whether central Portugal acted as a refugium during periods of unfavourable climate, and to test whether Neanderthals in Portuguese Estremadura reorganised their mobility strategies after severe climate episodes.

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  • Paleoecological analyses have shown that numerous Middle Palaeolithic sites are located in low to medium levels, indicating behavioral adaptations in accordance with climatic and energetic advantages of these altitudes.

    “Paleoecological analyses have shown that numerous MP sites are located in low to medium levels, indicating behavioral adaptations in accordance with the climatic and energetic advantages of these altitudes [50].”

    From Tracing neanderthal mobility through the romanian carpathians: a GIS-based least-cost connectivity model (2025) · cites this paper as [50]

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Metadata

Authors
Carvalho, M., Jones, E. L., Ellis, M. G., Cascalheira, J., Bicho, N., Meiggs, D., Benedetti, M., Friedl, L., & Haws, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
  • Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB) Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
  • Department of Sociology and Anthropology Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Quaternary Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-08-31
Volume
37
Issue
2
Pages
300-319
ISSN
  • 0267-8179
  • 1099-1417
DOI
10.1002/jqs.3363
Cited by
10
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Archaeological Institute of America (Archaeology of Portugal Fellowship)

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