Cited by 1,374Sustainability and Climate Change GovernanceEcosystem dynamics and resilienceLand Use and Ecosystem Services

A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems

Open access
Walker, Brian, Gunderson, Lance, Kinzig, Ann, Folke, Carl, Carpenter, Steve, Schultz, Lisen·2006·Ecology and Society

Abstract

Walker, B. H., L. H. Gunderson, A. P. Kinzig, C. Folke, S. R. Carpenter, and L. Schultz. 2006. A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society 11(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01530-110113

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5751/es-01530-110113

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Those with an internal locus of control tend to exhibit higher resilience during times of uncertainty.

    “Those with an internal locus of control tend to exhibit higher resilience during times of uncertainty [18, 19].”

    From Health anxiety, coping mechanisms and COVID 19: An Indian community sample at week 1 of lockdown (2021) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Adaptability and Proposition 10: Learning sections discuss how actors manage resilience and cope with uncertainty in social-ecological systems. A search for “internal locus of control” and its relationship to individual resilience found no passage addressing that psychological trait or the claimed association; the available passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke, editors. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  2. Holling, C. S. 1986. The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and global change. Pages 292-317 in W. C. Clark and R. E. Munn, editors. Sustainable development of the biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  3. Holling, C. S. 1996. Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. Pages 31-44 in P. Schulze, editor. Engineering within ecological constraints. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  4. Holling, C. S., L. H. Gunderson, and G. D. Peterson. 2002. Sustainability and panarchies. Pages 63-102 in L. H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, editors. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  5. Janssen, M. 2002. A future of suprises. Pages 241-260 in L. H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, editors. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  6. Ludwig, D., B. Walker, and C. S. Holling. 2002. Models and metaphors of sustainability, stability and resilience. Pages 21-48 in L. H. Gunderson and L. Pritchard, editors. Resilience and the behavior of large-scale ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  7. Olsson, P., C. Folke and T. Hahn. 2004. Social- ecological transformation for ecosystem managment; the development of adaptive co-management of a wetland landscape in southern Sweden. Ecology and Society 9(4): 2. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss4/art2/.
  8. Peterson, G. D. 2002. Forest dynamics in the southeastern United States: managing multiple stable states. Pages 227-246 in L. H. Gunderson and L. Pritchard, editors. Resilience and the behavior of large-scale ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  9. Scheffer, M., F. Westley, W. Brock, and M. Holmgren. 2002. Dynamic interaction of societies and ecosystems: linking theories from ecology, economy and society. Pages 195-235 in L. H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, editors. Panarchy: understanding transformation in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  10. Scholes, R. J., and B. H. Walker. 1993. Nylsvley: the study of an African savanna. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  11. Walker, B. H, C. S. Holling, S. C. Carpenter, and A. P. Kinzig. 2004. Resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 9(2): 5 [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/.
  12. Walker, B. H., and J. A. Meyers. 2004. Thresholds in ecological and social-ecological systems: a developing database. Ecology and Society 9(2):3 [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art3/.
  13. Westley, F. 2002. The devil in the dynamics. Pages 333-360 in L. H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, editors. Panarchy: understanding transformation in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
  14. Yorque, R., B. Walker, C. S. Holling, L. H. Gunderson, C. Folke, S. R. Carpenter, and W. A. Brock. 2002. Toward an integrative synthesis. Pages 419-438 in L. H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, editors. Panarchy; understanding transformation of human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Walker, B., Gunderson, L., Kinzig, A., Folke, C., Carpenter, S., & Schultz, L.
Affiliations
  • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
  • Emory University (US)
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • University of Wisconsin System (US)
Venue
Ecology and Society
Published
2006
Volume
11
Issue
1
ISSN
1708-3087 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2550649555
Cited by
1,374
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 76
FWCI
32.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Ecology and Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Keywords
resilience, social-ecological systems, heuristics, propositions, sustainability

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review