Cited by 1,929Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaMigration, Health and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

National Estimates of Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD Prevalence Using DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria: DSM-5 PTSD Prevalence

Open access

Kilpatrick, Dean G., Resnick, Heidi S., Milanak, Melissa E., Miller, Mark W., Keyes, Katherine M., Friedman, Matthew J.·2013·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.21848PMC PMC4096796

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) defined according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-5; 2013) and fourth edition (DSM-IV; 1994) was compared in a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,953) recruited from an online panel. Exposure to traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and functional impairment were assessed online using a highly structured, self-administered survey. Traumatic event exposure using DSM-5 criteria was high (89.7%), and exposure to multiple traumatic event types was the norm. PTSD caseness was determined using Same Event (i.e., all symptom criteria met to the same event type) and Composite Event (i.e., symptom criteria met to a combination of event types) definitions. Lifetime, past-12-month, and past 6-month PTSD prevalence using the Same Event definition for DSM-5 was 8.3%, 4.7%, and 3.8% respectively. All 6 DSM-5 prevalence estimates were slightly lower than their DSM-IV counterparts, although only 2 of these differences were statistically significant. DSM-5 PTSD prevalence was higher among women than among men, and prevalence increased with greater traumatic event exposure. Major reasons individuals met DSM-IV criteria, but not DSM-5 criteria were the exclusion of nonaccidental, nonviolent deaths from Criterion A, and the new requirement of at least 1 active avoidance symptom.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jts.21848

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 · Cited by 51,384
Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626 · Cited by 2,407
Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e514172006-001 · Cited by 2,067

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 24 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

American Psychiatric Association, 1994, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Kilpatrick, 2011, The National Stressful Events Web Survey (NSES-W)
McFarlane, 2011, Post-traumatic stress disorder, 42
Tjaden, 1998, Prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women. Research in Brief

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,003

Genetic influences on testosterone and PTSD
Cusack, S. E., Maihofer, A. X., Bustamante, D., Amstadter, A. B., & Duncan, L. E. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.002 · Cited by 11
Distressing memories: A continuum from wellness to PTSD
Martalek, A., Dubertret, C., Fovet, T., Strat, Y. L., & Tebeka, S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.076 · Cited by 10
Neuroimaging evidence of disturbed self-appraisal in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Agathos, J. A., Putica, A., Steward, T., Felmingham, K. L., O'Donnell, M. L., Davey, C. G., & Harrison, B. J. (2024) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111888 · Cited by 10
A 4-week morning light treatment reduces amygdala reactivity and clinical symptoms in adults with traumatic stress
Burgess, H. J., Rizvydeen, M., Huizenga, B. A., Prasad, M., Bahl, S., Duval, E. R., Kim, H. M., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., Abelson, J. L., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116209 · Cited by 10
Positive appraisal style predicts long-term stress resilience and mediates the effect of a pro-resilience intervention
Petri‐Romão, P., Mediavilla, R., Restrepo, A., Puhlmann, L. M. C., Zerban, M., Ahrens, K. F., Barbui, C., Basten, U., Bayón, C., Chmitorz, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65147-7 · Cited by 16
Posttraumatic stress and hazardous alcohol use in trauma-exposed young adults: indirect effects of self-disgust
Sonnier, H., Brake, C. A., Flores, J., & Badour, C. L. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1517173 · Cited by 9
Posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals seeking treatment for opioid use disorder in Vermont
Peck, K. R., Moxley‐Kelly, N., Badger, G. J., & Sigmon, S. C. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106817 · Cited by 10
The relationship between substance use, prior trauma history, and risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder in the immediate aftermath of civilian trauma
Gould, F., Jones, M. T., Harvey, P. D., Reidy, L. J., Hodgins, G. E., Michopoulos, V., Maples‐Keller, J. L., ROTHBAUM, B. O., Rothbaum, A. O., Ressler, K. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.025 · Cited by 9
Intergenerational transmission of psychological trauma: A structural neuroimaging study
Sarıgedik, E., Naldemir, İ. F., Karaman, A. K., & Altınsoy, H. B. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111538 · Cited by 12
Traumatic Childbirth and Birth-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study
Benzakour, L., Gayet‐Ageron, A., Jubin, M., Suardi, F., Pallud, C., Lombard, F.-B., Quagliarini, B., & Epiney, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114246 · Cited by 14
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and daily experiences of posttraumatic stress and mental contamination following sexual trauma
Badour, C. L., Tipsword, J. M., Jones, A. C., McCann, J. P., Fenlon, E. E., Brake, C. A., Alvarran, S., Hood, C. O., & Adams, T. G. (2022) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100767 · Cited by 9
Interactive association of posttraumatic stress disorder, apolipoprotein ε4 genotype, and age on cognitive functioning
Lawrence, K. A., Rippey, C. S., Welikson, B., Pietrzak, R. H., & Adams, T. G. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5888 · Cited by 9
Noninvasive Detection of Stress by Biochemical Profiles from the Skin
Mansour, E., Palzur, E., Broza, Y. Y., Saliba, W., Kaisari, S., Goldstein, P., Shamir, A., & Haick, H. (2023) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.3c00011 · Cited by 9
Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive-Emotional Strategies Associated With PTSD in First Responders
Tan, L., Deady, M., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002829 · Cited by 10
The role of cortisol in development and treatment of PTSD among service members: A narrative review.
Buccellato, K., & Peterson, A. L. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107152 · Cited by 4
Brain connectivity disruptions in PTSD related to early adversity: a multimodal neuroimaging study
Nkrumah, R. O., Demirakça, T., von Schröder, C., Zehirlioğlu, L., Valencia, N., Grauduszus, Y., Vollstädt‐Klein, S., Schmahl, C. G., & Ende, G. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2430925 · Cited by 11
Diagnostic concordance of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a clinical sample
Crespo, M., & Gómez, M. L. N. (2016) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2015.213 · Cited by 9
Exploring DSM-5 criterion A in Acute Stress Disorder symptoms following natural disaster
Lavenda, O., Grossman, E. S., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Hoffman, Y. S. G. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.016 · Cited by 9
Trait emotional intelligence, trauma and personality organization: Analysis of urban clinical patients
Espinosa, A., & Rudenstine, S. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.026 · Cited by 15
Alienation Appraisals Mediate the Relationships between Childhood Trauma and Multiple Markers of Posttraumatic Stress
Mitchell, R., Hanna, D., Brennan, K., Curran, D. B., McDermott, B., Ryan, M., Craig, K., McCullough, E., Wallace, P., & Dyer, K. F. W. (2018) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-018-0220-1 · Cited by 9
Posttraumatic Symptomatology and Alcohol Misuse Among Black College Students: Examining the Influence of Anxiety Sensitivity
Haas, A. R., Forkus, S. R., Contractor, A. A., & Weiss, N. H. (2018) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2018.1534032 · Cited by 10
The emergence of accelerated resolution therapy for treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder: A review and new subgroup analyses
Kip, K. E., Berumen, J. H., Zeidan, A. R., Hernández, D., & Finnegan, A. P. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12210 · Cited by 9
Implications of Interpersonal Violence on Population Mental Health Status in a Low-Income Urban Community-Based Sample of Adults
Roesch, P., Velonis, A., Sant, S. M., Habermann, L. E., & Hirschtick, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519862365 · Cited by 10
Applicability of hypnosis to the treatment of Complex PTSD and dissociation
Gold, S. N., & Quiñones, M. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2020.1789546 · Cited by 11
Key dimensions of post-traumatic stress disorder and endothelial dysfunction: a protocol for a mechanism-focused cohort study
Cleveland, S., Reed, K., Thomas, J. L., Ajijola, O. A., Ebrahimi, R., Hsiai, T. K., Lazarov, A., Montoya, A. K., Neria, Y., Shimbo, D., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043060 · Cited by 9
Comparing Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to Military Sexual Trauma or Other Trauma Types: Baseline Characteristics and Residential Cognitive Processing Therapy Outcomes
Christ, N. M., Blain, R. C., Pukay‐Martin, N. D., Petri, J. M., & Chard, K. M. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211055082 · Cited by 9
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Everly, G. S., & Lating, J. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9098-6_25 · Cited by 9
Examining well‐being in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: An explorative study
Radstaak, M., Hüning, L., Lamers, S. M. A., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22798 · Cited by 10
Association of severe maternal morbidity and post-traumatic stress disorder
Duval, C. J., Youssefzadeh, A. C., Sweeney, H. E., McGough, A., Mandelbaum, R. S., Ouzounian, J. G., & Matsuo, K. (2022) · AJOG Global Reports · doi:10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100111 · Cited by 9
Acute stress and PTSD among trauma-exposed children and adolescents: Computational prediction and interpretation.
Zhang, J., Sami, S., & Meiser-Stedman, R. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102642 · Cited by 9
Study protocol: development and randomized controlled trial of a preventive blended care parenting intervention for parents with PTSD
Meijer, L., Finkenauer, C., Blankers, M., de Gee, A., Kramer, J., Shields‐Zeeman, L., & Thomaes, K. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04548-8 · Cited by 9
‘I want the way I look to matter less’: A case study describing psychological aspects of changing appearance
Tevik, F., & Feragen, K. B. (2014) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104514542303 · Cited by 9
Psychological Assessment and Treatment of Emerging Adults Exposed to Complex Trauma
Price, M. A., Arditi, R., Olezeski, C. L., & McMahon, T. J. (2019) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2019.1618225 · Cited by 9
Facing the fear: resilience and social support in veterans and civilians with PTSD
Wall, C. L., & Lowe, M. (2020) · Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research · doi:10.1108/jacpr-11-2019-0455 · Cited by 9
Distress Among Journalists Working the Incidents
Backholm, K. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119048015.ch14 · Cited by 10
A Longitudinal Examination of Interpersonal Violence Exposure, Concern for Loved Ones During a Disaster, and Web-Based Intervention Effects on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescent Victims of the Spring 2011 Tornadoes
Gilmore, A. K., Price, M., Bountress, K. E., Zuromski, K. L., Ruggiero, K., & Resnick, H. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518791236 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Development and validation of the Trauma-Related Cognitions Scale
Valdez, C. E., London, M. J., Gregorich, S. E., & Lilly, M. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250221 · Cited by 10
Massed written exposure therapy delivered to veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms on an acute inpatient mental health unit
Ennis, C. R., Raines, A. M., Boffa, J. W., Shapiro, M. O., Dornbach‐Bender, A., Ferrie, M. L., Fondren, A. H., Vidaurri, D. N., Walton, J. L., Chambliss, J. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23042 · Cited by 9
Network analysis of the comorbidity between post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ouyang, H., Wu, L., Yan, W., Si, K., Lv, H., Zhan, J., Wang, J., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Chen, W., et al. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253241243292 · Cited by 9
Mental Health Treatment Utilization and Unmet Mental Health Needs Among Black Reproductive-Age Women in the United States
Ash, M. J., Livingston, M. D., Sales, J. M., & Woods-Jaeger, B. A. (2024) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20230464 · Cited by 8
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nakhebi, O. A. S. A., Kalinovic, R., Neda-Stepan, O., Giurgi-Oncu, C., Crișan, C., ENĂTESCU, V. R., & Marinescu, I. P. (2025) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2026.10241 · Cited by 8
Yoga as a complementary approach to healing for adult victims and survivors of interpersonal violence
Mazzio, A. K., Mendoza, N. S., Brown, M. L., Sinha, D. D., Messing, J. T., Wilson, S., & Walton, L. (2021) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101427 · Cited by 8
Morning light treatment for traumatic stress: The role of amygdala reactivity study protocol
Cenkner, D. P., Burgess, H. J., Huizenga, B. A., Duval, E. R., Kim, H. M., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., Klumpp, H., Abelson, J. L., Horwitz, A. G., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269502 · Cited by 9
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms After Potentially Traumatic Events
Marqueses, J. M. S., Sanz, J., García-Vera, M. P., Morán, N., & Eisma, M. (2022) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001580 · Cited by 3
The Involvement of Past Traumatic Life Events in the Development of Postpartum PTSD after Cesarean Delivery
Orovou, E., Dagla, M., Eskitzis, P., Savvidis, G. S., Rigas, N., Papatrechas, A., Sarella, A., Arampatzi, C., & Antoniou, E. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10091761 · Cited by 8
Human threat circuits: Threats of pain, aggressive conspecific, and predator elicit distinct BOLD activations in the amygdala and hypothalamus
Bertram, T., Ayala, D. H., Huber, M., Brandl, F., Starke, G., Sorg, C., & Bratec, S. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1063238 · Cited by 11
Impacts of repeated retrieval of positive and neutral memories on posttrauma health: An investigative pilot study
Contractor, A. A., Messman, B., Gould, P., Slavish, D. C., & Weiss, N. H. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101887 · Cited by 9
Efficacy of a novel safety behavior elimination intervention for posttraumatic stress symptoms: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Bedford, C. E., & Schmidt, N. B. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.002 · Cited by 8
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Delineating the Progression and Underlying Mechanisms Following Blast Traumatic Brain Injury.
Lucke-Wold, B. P., Nolan, R. L., Nwafor, D. C., Nguyen, L., Cheyuo, C., Turner, R. C., Rosen, C. L., & Marsh, R. A. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Personalizing Affective Stimuli Using a Recommender Algorithm: An Example with Threatening Words for Trauma Exposed Populations
Niles, A. N., & O’Donovan, A. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9923-8 · Cited by 8
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Emotion Dysregulation and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Trauma-Exposed Inpatient Adolescents
Woodward, E. C., Viana, A. G., Raines, E. M., Candelari, A. E., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9943-4 · Cited by 8
Common health problems in safety‐net primary care: Modeling the roles of trauma history and mental health
Williams, A. B., Smith, E. R., Trujillo, M. A., Perrin, P. B., Griffin, S. C., & Rybarczyk, B. D. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22694 · Cited by 10
Predictors of multiple domains of functioning in Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from the Mind Your Heart Study
Arenson, M. B., McCaslin, S. E., & Cohen, B. E. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22945 · Cited by 8
Evaluating symptom endorsement typographies of trauma-exposed veterans on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): A latent profile analysis
Ingram, P. B., Sharpnack, J. D., Mosier, N. J., & Golden, B. L. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00486-5 · Cited by 8
Higher anhedonia and dysphoric arousal relate to lower relationship satisfaction among trauma‐exposed female service members/veterans
Blais, R. K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22937 · Cited by 9
Environmental enrichment increases cue-dependent freezing and behavioral despair but decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats
Stairs, D. J., Chacho, N. M., Wunsch, C., Pipitone, L., & Dravid, S. M. (2020) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172979 · Cited by 8
Psychosocial interventions for violence exposed youth – A systematic review
Lindert, J., Jakubauskienė, M., Natan, M., Wehrwein, A., Bain, P. A., Schmahl, C. G., Kamenov, K., Carta, M. G., & Cabello, M. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104530 · Cited by 12
Heterogeneity in temporal self-appraisals following exposure to potentially traumatic life events: A latent profile analysis
Parnes, M. F., Boals, A., Brown, A. D., & Eubank, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.050 · Cited by 8
The role of positive emotion dysregulation in the relationship between childhood abuse and PTSD in a community sample of veterans
Goncharenko, S., Forkus, S. R., Contractor, A. A., Kiefer, R., & Weiss, N. H. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104979 · Cited by 10
Adaptation of the barriers to help-seeking for trauma (BHS-TR) scale: a cross-cultural cognitive interview study with female intimate partner violence survivors in Iceland
Þorvaldsdóttir, K. B., Halldórsdóttir, S., Johnson, R., Sigurdardottir, S. L., & Arnault, D. S. (2021) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-021-00295-0 · Cited by 10
Assessment and Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results from STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Peterson, A. L., Niles, B. L., Young‐McCaughan, S., & Keane, T. M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.96323 · Cited by 9
“I get knocked down, but I get up again” – A qualitative exploration of posttraumatic growth after multiple traumas.
Brooks, M., Graham‐Kevan, N., Robinson, S. J., & Lowe, M. (2021) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000299 · Cited by 9
Integrating Internal Family Systems and Solutions Focused Brief Therapy to Treat Survivors of Sexual Trauma
Jones, E. R., Lauricella, D., D’Aniello, C., Smith, M. L., & Romney, J. (2021) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-021-09571-z · Cited by 8
Value estimation and latent-state update-related neural activity during fear conditioning predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity
Letkiewicz, A. M., Cochran, A. L., Privratsky, A. A., James, G. A., & Cisler, J. M. (2021) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-021-00943-4 · Cited by 10
Coping Methods Used by College Undergraduate and Graduate Students while Experiencing Childhood Adversities and Traumas
Perry, Y., & Cuellar, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00371-z · Cited by 8
Intensive Outpatient Program Using Prolonged Exposure for Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study
Straud, C. L., Blount, T. H., Foa, E. B., Brown, L. A., McLean, C. P., McGeary, C. A., Koch, L. M., Schobitz, R. P., & Peterson, A. L. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.06.001 · Cited by 8
Bereavement in the Aftermath of Suicide, Overdose, and Sudden-Natural Death: Evaluating a New Measure of Needs
Bottomley, J. S., & Smigelsky, M. A. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221081139 · Cited by 8
Perceived stress associations with hippocampal-dependent behavior and hippocampal subfield volume
Grupe, D. W., Barnes, A. L., Gresham, L. K., Kirvin-Quamme, A., Nord, E., Alexander, A. L., Abercrombie, H. C., Schaefer, S. M., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100469 · Cited by 8
Long-Term Prescription Opioid Use After Injury in Washington State 2015–2018
Lyons, V. H., Haviland, M. J., Zhang, I. Y., Whiteside, L., Arbabi, S., Vavilala, M. S., Curatolo, M., Rivara, F. P., & Rowhani‐Rahbar, A. (2022) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.04.029 · Cited by 8
Efficacy of psychological interventions for PTSD in distinct populations - An evidence map of meta-analyses using the umbrella review methodology
Kip, A., Iseke, L. N., Papola, D., Gastaldon, C., Barbui, C., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102239 · Cited by 9
Effects of media exposure on PTSD symptoms in college students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Zhu, X., Wen, Z., & Yu, W.-B. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1050759 · Cited by 7
Impact of Common Mental Health Disorders on Cognition: Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Forensic Neuropsychology Context
Schultz, I. Z., Sepehry, A. A., & Greer, S. C. (2018) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-018-9322-1 · Cited by 10
Trauma-informed care with women diagnosed with postpartum depression: a conceptual framework
Polmanteer, R. S. R., Keefe, R. H., & Brownstein-Evans, C. (2018) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2018.1535464 · Cited by 13
Associations between circadian preferences, sleep quality, dissociation, post-traumatic cognitions, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among incarcerated offenders
Acar, Ö. F., Öğülmüş, S., & Boysan, M. (2018) · Sleep and Hypnosis · doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2019.21.0188 · Cited by 8
Heterogeneity in the Co-occurrence of Substance Use and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis Approach
Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., & Blumenthal, H. (2019) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2019.1572258 · Cited by 8
Traumatic Experience, Human Rights Violations, and Their Intersection
Butler, L. D., & Critelli, F. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16395-2_2 · Cited by 8
Comparing the Role of Aberrant Salience and Dissociation in the Relation between Cumulative Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in a Multi-Ethnic Sample
Anglin, D. M., Espinosa, A., Barada, B., Tarazi, R., Feng, A., Tayler, R., Allicock, N., & Pandit, S. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8081223 · Cited by 8
Comparing MMPI-2-Restructured Form Scores by Service Era for Veterans Assessed Within the Veteran Affairs Healthcare System
Ingram, P. B., Tarescavage, A. M., Ben‐Porath, Y. S., & Oehlert, M. E. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-019-09650-2 · Cited by 8
The influence of posttraumatic stress disorder and recurrent major depression on risk-taking propensity following trauma script exposure among patients with substance use disorders
Vidaña, A. G., Forbes, C. N., Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106181 · Cited by 8
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms moderate the relation between childhood sexual abuse and disordered eating in a community sample
Kiefer, R., Goncharenko, S., Contractor, A. A., DePina, M. Z., & Weiss, N. H. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23593 · Cited by 9
Clinical research on behavioral activation as treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A brief review and meta‐analysis
Flint, D. D., Tilstra-Ferrell, E. L., & Engelman, J. (2020) · Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1002/bin.1712 · Cited by 8
Sex and the facilitation of cued fear by prior contextual fear conditioning in ratsPreprint
Vazquez, K., Cole, K. E., & Parsons, R. G. (2024) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.054010.124 · Cited by 8
Which Trauma Treatment Suits me? Identification of Patients' Treatment Preferences for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Schwartzkopff, L., Gutermann, J., Steil, R., & Müller-Engelmann, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694038 · Cited by 7
Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking posttraumatic stress disorder to subsequent suicidal thoughts and behaviors following inpatient psychiatric discharge
Raudales, A. M., Carosa, C. L., Weiss, N. H., Schatten, H. T., & Armey, M. F. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.002 · Cited by 7
A systematic review and meta-analysis of PTSD symptoms at mid-treatment during trauma-focused treatment for PTSD
Purnell, L. R., Graham, A., Chiu, K., Trickey, D., & Meiser‐Stedman, R. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102925 · Cited by 9
The relationship between sleep disturbances and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in university students
Schenker, M. T., Cherian, D., Felmingham, K. L., & Jordan, A. S. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2434314 · Cited by 8
Evaluating the effectiveness of tfCBT and EMDR interventions for PTSD in an NHS Talking Therapies service
Belli, S. R., Howell, M., Grey, N., Tiraboschi, S., & Sim, A. (2025) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x24000497 · Cited by 7
Somatic symptoms among young adults: an observational study examining the roles of trauma type and psychological distress
Perez, L. A., & Szabo, Y. Z. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02504-7 · Cited by 7
The use of biomarkers as measures of PTSD treatment efficacy and predictors of treatment outcomes: A systematic review
Cao-Noya, J. A., Canovas, C. A., & Benuto, L. T. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102579 · Cited by 7
Driving and sustaining trauma-informed organizational change: The role of healthcare leadership
Alhassan, A., Rasheed, S., Raza, A. A., Murtaza, B., Mujeeb, A., & Mansoor, A. I. (2025) · Health Sciences Review · doi:10.1016/j.hsr.2025.100236 · Cited by 7
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychological Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Badola, A., Yu, W., & King, A. P. J. (2025) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-025-00364-x · Cited by 8
Disentangling sex differences in the shared genetic architecture of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic experiences, and social support with body size and composition
Carvalho, C. M., Wendt, F. R., Pathak, G. A., Maihofer, A. X., Stein, D. J., Sumner, J. A., Hemmings, S. M. J., Nievergelt, C. M., Koenen, K. C., Gelernter, J. E., et al. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100400 · Cited by 7
The role of positive affect processes in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and sleep: A multi-study design
Messman, B., Jin, L., Slavish, D. C., AlGhraibeh, A. M. A., Aljomaa, S. S., & Contractor, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.125 · Cited by 7
Examination of PTSD symptom networks over the course of cognitive processing therapy.
Graziano, R. C., LoSavio, S. T., White, M. A., Beckham, J. C., & Dillon, K. H. (2023) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001464 · Cited by 9
Clinical phenomenology of stress-related disorders in conditions of full-scale invasion
Kozhyna, H. M., & Zelenska, K. (2023) · Ukrains kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii · doi:10.36927/2079-0325-v31-is1-2023-5 · Cited by 7
Duty-related trauma and PTSD symptoms in US urban firefighters
Pao, C., Arbona, C., Fan, W., & Tran, J. K. (2023) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqad076 · Cited by 7
Conditioned flight response in female rats to naturalistic threat is estrous-cycle dependent
Pyeon, G. H., Lee, J., Jo, Y. S., & Choi, J.-S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47591-x · Cited by 12
Traumatic Stress-Enhanced Alcohol Drinking: Sex Differences and Animal Model Perspectives
Finn, D. A., Clark, C. D., & Ryabinin, A. E. (2024) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00540-0 · Cited by 7
Clinical relevance of subthreshold PTSD versus full criteria PTSD following traumatic brain injury in U.S. service members and veterans
French, L. M., Brickell, T. A., Lippa, S. M., Rogers, A. A., Cristaudo, K. E., Walker, T., Higgins, M., Bailie, J. M., Kennedy, J. E., Hungerford, L. D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.015 · Cited by 9
Effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on type 2 diabetes and the mediated effect of obesity: a Mendelian randomization study
Yu, Y., Hu, G., Yang, X., Bai, S., Wu, J., Tong, K., & Yu, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1375068 · Cited by 7

Authors: Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Boston University (US)
Columbia University (US)
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author: Kilpatrick, Dean G.
ORCID: Kilpatrick, Dean G.
Milanak, Melissa E.
Miller, Mark W.
Keyes, Katherine M.
Friedman, Matthew J.
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-10
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
Pages: 537-547
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/jts.21848
PMC: PMC4096796
OpenAlex: W2132981258
Cited by: 1,929
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 195 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 212 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 59.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 700 d)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 CX000431)
National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000062)
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA023099)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029882)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD prevalence, trauma exposure, DSM-5, DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria comparison, functional disability, gender differences, avoidance symptoms, lifetime prevalence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Death, Sudden, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

National Estimates of Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD Prevalence Using DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria: DSM-5 PTSD Prevalence

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks