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National Estimates of Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD Prevalence Using DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria: DSM-5 PTSD Prevalence

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Kilpatrick, Dean G., Resnick, Heidi S., Milanak, Melissa E., Miller, Mark W., Keyes, Katherine M., Friedman, Matthew J.·2013·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.21848PMC PMC4096796

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Abstract

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) defined according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-5; 2013) and fourth edition (DSM-IV; 1994) was compared in a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,953) recruited from an online panel. Exposure to traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and functional impairment were assessed online using a highly structured, self-administered survey. Traumatic event exposure using DSM-5 criteria was high (89.7%), and exposure to multiple traumatic event types was the norm. PTSD caseness was determined using Same Event (i.e., all symptom criteria met to the same event type) and Composite Event (i.e., symptom criteria met to a combination of event types) definitions. Lifetime, past-12-month, and past 6-month PTSD prevalence using the Same Event definition for DSM-5 was 8.3%, 4.7%, and 3.8% respectively. All 6 DSM-5 prevalence estimates were slightly lower than their DSM-IV counterparts, although only 2 of these differences were statistically significant. DSM-5 PTSD prevalence was higher among women than among men, and prevalence increased with greater traumatic event exposure. Major reasons individuals met DSM-IV criteria, but not DSM-5 criteria were the exclusion of nonaccidental, nonviolent deaths from Criterion A, and the new requirement of at least 1 active avoidance symptom.

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Authors: Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Boston University (US)
Columbia University (US)
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author: Kilpatrick, Dean G.
ORCID: Kilpatrick, Dean G.
Milanak, Melissa E.
Miller, Mark W.
Keyes, Katherine M.
Friedman, Matthew J.
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-10
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
Pages: 537-547
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/jts.21848
PMC: PMC4096796
OpenAlex: W2132981258
Cited by: 1,929
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 195 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 212 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 59.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 700 d)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 CX000431)
National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000062)
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA023099)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029882)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD prevalence, trauma exposure, DSM-5, DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria comparison, functional disability, gender differences, avoidance symptoms, lifetime prevalence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Death, Sudden, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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National Estimates of Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD Prevalence Using DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria: DSM-5 PTSD Prevalence

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