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Three-dimensional flexible electronics enabled by shape memory polymer substrates for responsive neural interfaces
Open accessAbstract
Planar electronics processing methods have enabled neural interfaces to become more precise and deliver more information. However, this processing paradigm is inherently 2D and rigid. The resulting mechanical and geometrical mismatch at the biotic–abiotic interface can elicit an immune response that prevents effective stimulation. In this work, a thiol–ene/acrylate shape memory polymer is utilized to create 3D softening substrates for stimulation electrodes. This substrate system is shown to soften in vivo from more than 600 to 6 MPa. A nerve cuff electrode that coils around the vagus nerve in a rat and that drives neural activity is demonstrated. magnified image
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“By contrast, most of the existing electronics based on SMPs are not very compatible with traditional 2D planar processing, which limits the development of high-precision electronics (23, 25–28).”
From Climbing-inspired twining electrodes using shape memory for peripheral nerve stimulation and recording (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ware, T., Simon, D., Hearon, K., Liu, C., Shah, S., Reeder, J., Khodaparast, N., Kilgard, M. P., Maitland, D. J., Rennaker, R. L., & Voit, W. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Voit, Walter E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-11-20
- Volume
- 297
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1193-1202
- ISSN
- 1438-7492 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-2054
- PMC
- PMC4268152
- OpenAlex
- W2142541622
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Macromolecular Materials and Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC008982)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000462)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, neural interfaces, vagus nerve stimulation, cuff electrodes, biotic-abiotic interface, immune response, electrical stimulation
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