Polymers for neural implants
Abstract
Neural implants are technical systems that restore sensory or motor functions after injury and modulate neural behavior in neuronal diseases. Neural interfaces or prostheses have lead to new therapeutic options and rehabilitation approaches in the last 40 years. The interface between the nervous tissue and the technical material is the place that determines success or failure of the neural implant. Recording of nerve signals and stimulation of nerve cells take place at this neuro‐technical interface. Polymers are the most common material class for substrate and insulation materials in combination with metals for interconnection wires and electrode sites. This work focuses on the neuro‐technical interface and summarizes its fundamental specifications first. The most common polymer materials are presented and described in detail. We conclude with an overview of the different applications and their specific designs with the accompanying manufacturing processes from precision mechanics, laser structuring and micromachining that are introduced in either the peripheral or central nervous system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
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PDMS is well characterized to be inert and biocompatible, not releasing toxic species or exacerbating the inflammatory response, and is well-suited for long-term implantation.
“From a chemical perspective, PDMS is well characterized to be inert and biocompatible, not releasing toxic species of exacerbating the inflammatory response and being well-suited for long-term implantation (Williams, 2008; Hassler et al., 2011).”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Hassler et al., 2011
Polyimide is biocompatible and exhibits low cytotoxicity in vitro, and remains stable for long periods of implantation.
“Polyimide is biocompatible and exhibits low cytotoxicity in vitro, and remains stable for long periods of implantation (Richardson et al., 1993; Rubehn and Stieglitz, 2010; Hassler et al., 2011).”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Hassler et al., 2011
Parylene C has a well-established history of biocompatibility and biostability.
“Parylene C has recently arisen as a good material option for peripheral nerve devices (de la Oliva et al., 2018), and has a well-established history of biocompatibility and biostability (Chang et al., 2007; Winslow et al., 2010; Hassler et al., 2011).”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Hassler et al., 2011
Implantable materials that are chemically inert to tissue minimize inflammation and cell death.
“Implantable materials must exhibit good biocompatibility, being chemically inert to tissue to minimize inflammation and cell death (Williams, 2008; Hassler et al., 2011; Mariani et al., 2019), and remain so for the necessary long implantation periods.”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Hassler et al., 2011
The EI value of the twining electrodes is ~1.0 × 10−10 N·m2, while traditional silicone rubber- and PI-based extraneural electrodes have EI values of ~2.1 × 10−7 N·m2 and ~4.6 × 10−10 N·m2, respectively.
“The EI values of traditional silicone rubber– and PI-based extraneural electrodes are usually ~2.1 × 10−7 N·m2 and ~4.6 × 10−10 N·m2, respectively (5, 8, 9, 43), while the EI value of the twining electrodes is ~1.0 × 10−10 N·m2 (note S2).”
From Climbing-inspired twining electrodes using shape memory for peripheral nerve stimulation and recording (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hassler, C., Boretius, T., & Stieglitz, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Boretius, Tim
- Venue
- Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-11-23
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-33
- ISSN
- 0887-6266 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0488
- OpenAlex
- W2118236587
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- neural implants, neural interfaces, neural prostheses, biocompatible polymers, polymer substrates, insulators, electrode materials, neurostimulation, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, laser structuring, micromachining, precision mechanics, production process
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