Visual plus nonvisual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Development and evolution over 10 years
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the development and evolution of visual and nonvisual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease over 10 years. Hallucinations increase over time, but minimal attention has been placed on nonvisual domains. We studied 60 patients with Parkinson's disease who had never hallucinated at baseline and followed them over 10 years. The Rush Hallucination Inventory monitored frequency and type (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory) of hallucinations at baseline and after 0.5, 1.5, 4, 6, and 10 years. Descriptive statistics were applied, and general estimating equation modeling assessed longitudinal risks. Over 10 years, visual hallucinations were endorsed by patients more frequently than other sensory modalities. Whereas isolated visual hallucinations dominated the early hallucination profile, visual plus nonvisual hallucinations accounted for progressively higher proportions of hallucinators over 10 years: 0.5 years, 0%; 4 years, 26%; 6 years, 47%; 10 years, 60% (odds ratio, 1.17; confidence interval, 1.01-1.37; P = .04). Once visual plus nonvisual hallucinations developed, the risk of continuing to have multidomain hallucinations was high (odds ratio, 3.67; confidence interval, 1.13-11.93; P = .03). Hallucination severity was highly associated with current visual plus nonvisual hallucinations (odds ratio, 4.06; confidence interval, 2.93-5.61; P < .0001) and the continuation of multidomain hallucinations (odds ratio, 1.58; confidence interval, 1.12-2.24; P = .01). Whereas visual hallucinations in isolation are classic in Parkinson's disease, nonvisual hallucinations emerge over time, and the combination of visual with nonvisual hallucinations predominates in late Parkinson's disease. To capture the breadth and severity of hallucinations in chronically hallucinating patients with Parkinson's disease, screening inventories and practice-based interviews must include questions on both visual and nonvisual components.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PD can be associated with psychotic problems, such as hallucinations across different sensory modalities.
“PD can also be associated with psychotic problems, such as hallucinations across different sensory modalities (Goetz, Stebbins, & Ouyang, 2011).”
From Psychological interventions for people with Parkinson's disease in the early 2020s: Where do we stand? (2021) · cites this paper as Goetz, Stebbins, & Ouyang, 2011
Cites
Goetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., Stebbins, G. T., Fahn, S., Martinez‐Martin, P., Poewe, W., Sampaio, C., Stern, M. B., Dodel, R., et al. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22340 · Cited by 7,536 · see citing works
Self-citationInformative Drop-Out in Longitudinal Data Analysis
Diggle, P. J., & Kenward, M. G. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2986113 · Cited by 1,472 · see citing works
Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts ? ephedrone, manganism or both?
Sikk, K., Taba, P., Haldre, S., Bergquist, J., Nyholm, D., Zjablov, G., Asser, T., & Aquilonius, S. (2007) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00818.x · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Visual Hallucinations Associated With Parkinson Disease
Sanchez‐Ramos, J., Ortoll, R., & Paulson, G. W. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550120077019 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Mamikonyan, E., Moberg, P. J., Siderowf, A., Duda, J. E., Have, T. T., Hurtig, H. I., Stern, M. B., & Weintraub, D. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.05.006 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Altered cortical visual processing in PD with hallucinations
Stebbins, G. T., Goetz, C. G., Carrillo, M. C., Bangen, K. J., Turner, D. A., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000141853.27081.bd · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationProspective longitudinal assessment of hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease
Goetz, C. G., Leurgans, S. E., Pappert, E. J., Raman, R., & Stemer, A. B. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.11.2078 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychosis and Other Psychiatric Manifestations of Levodopa Therapy
Celesia, G. G., & Barr, A. N. (1970) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1970.00480270003001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Tactile hallucinations in Parkinson's disease
F�nelon, G., Thobois, S., Bonnet, A.-M., Broussolle, E., & Tison, F. (2002) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0908-9 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hallucinations and sleep disorders in PD
Goetz, C. G., Ouyang, B., Negron, A., & Stebbins, G. T. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fd6158 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychological correlates of mild to severe hallucinations in Parkinson's disease
Llebaria, G., Pagonabarraga, J., Martínez‐Corral, M., García‐Sánchez, C., Pascual‐Sedano, B., Gironell, A., & Kulisevsky, J. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23411 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Goetz, C. G., Fan, W., & Leurgans, S. E. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22132 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationHallucinations in Parkinson's disease: the clinical syndrome.
Goetz, C. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGoetz, C. G., Wuu, J., Curgian, L. M., & Leurgans, S. E. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20701 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationThe importance of longitudinal data on PD, hallucinations, and dream-enacting behaviors
Mahowald, M. W., & Schenck, C. H. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fd63ab · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The psychosis spectrum in Parkinson disease
ffytche, D. H., Creese, B., Politis, M., Chaudhuri, K. R., Weintraub, D., Ballard, C., & Aarsland, D. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.200 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Laroi, F., Sommer, I. E., Blom, J. D., Fernyhough, C., ffytche, D. H., Hugdahl, K., Johns, L. C., McCarthy-Jones, S., Preti, A., Raballo, A., et al. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs061 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis: Presentation, Diagnosis and Management
Schneider, R. B., Iourinets, J., & Richard, I. H. (2017) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2017-0028 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hermanowicz, S., & Hermanowicz, N. S. (2016) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1158102 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Ocular and visual disorders in Parkinson's disease: Common but frequently overlooked
Ekker, M. S., Janssen, S., Seppi, K., Poewe, W. H., de Vries, N. M., Theelen, T., Nonnekes, J. H., & Bloem, B. R. (2017) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.014 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Goldman, J. G., Stebbins, G. T., Dinh, V., Bernard, B. A., Merkitch, D., deToledo‐Morrell, L., & Goetz, C. G. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt360 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
Chang, A., & Fox, S. H. (2016) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0600-5 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Treatment of Psychosis and Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease
Goldman, J. G., & Holden, S. K. (2014) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-013-0281-2 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Gibson, G., Mottram, P. G., Burn, D. J., Hindle, J. V., Landau, S., Samuel, M., Hurt, C. S., Brown, R. G., & Wilson, K. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3869 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Visual complaints and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease
Urwyler, P., Nef, T., Killen, A., Collerton, D., Thomas, A. J., Burn, D. J., McKeith, I. G., & Mosimann, U. P. (2014) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.12.009 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Visual Hallucinations in PD and Lewy Body Dementias: Old and New Hypotheses
ONOFRJ, M. C., Taylor, J., Monaco, D., Franciotti, R., Anzellotti, F., Bonanni, L., Onofrj, V., & Thomas, A. (2013) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2013/703924 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Llorca, P., Pereira, B., Jardri, R., Chéreau, I., Brousse, G., Misdrahi, D., Fénelon, G., Tronche, A.-M., Schwan, R., Lançon, C., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38152 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Eversfield, C. L., & Orton, L. D. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003161 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Understanding visual hallucinations: A new synthesis
Collerton, D., Barnes, J., Diederich, N. J., Dudley, R., ffytche, D., Friston, K., Goetz, C. G., Goldman, J. G., Jardri, R., Kulisevsky, J., et al. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105208 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationOptical Coherence Tomography in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Retina a Biomarker?
Lee, J., Ahn, J., Kim, T. W., & Jeon, B. S. (2014) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-130306 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Hallucinations, somatic‐functional disorders of PD‐DLB as expressions of thalamic dysfunction
ONOFRJ, M. C., Espay, A. J., Bonanni, L., Pizzi, S. D., & Sensi, S. L. (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27781 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Zarotti, N., Eccles, F. J. R., Foley, J. A., Paget, A., Gunn, S., Leroi, I., & Simpson, J. (2021) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12321 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Parkinson disease psychosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms
Pagonabarraga, J., Bejr-Kasem, H., Martinez-Horta, S., & Kulisevsky, J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-023-00918-8 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Therapies for Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Schaeffer, E., & Berg, D. (2017) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0450-z · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zhou, W., Tao, J., & Li, J. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14613 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Goetz, C. G., Vaughan, C. L., Goldman, J. G., & Stebbins, G. T. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25554 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvanced Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and treatment (part 1)
Kulisevsky, J., Luquín, M. R., Arbelo, J. M., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Castro, A., Chacón, J., Ruiz, P., Lezcano, E., Mir, P., et al. (2013) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.05.002 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Pharmacology of Visual Hallucinations in Synucleinopathies
Russo, M., Carrarini, C., Dono, F., Rispoli, M. G., Pietro, M. D., Stefano, V. D., Ferri, L., Bonanni, L., Sensi, S. L., & ONOFRJ, M. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01379 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kulick, C. V., Montgomery, K. M., & Nirenberg, M. J. (2018) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease
Ffytche, D. H., & Aarsland, D. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Magistrelli, L., Ferrari, M., Furgiuele, A., Milner, A. V., Contaldi, E., Comi, C., Cosentino, M., & Marino, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073781 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Onofrj, M., Russo, M., Delli Pizzi, S., De Gregorio, D., Inserra, A., Gobbi, G., & Sensi, S. L. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02691-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Características clínicas y tratamiento. Parte II
Kulisevsky, J., Luquín, M. R., Arbelo, J. M., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Castro, A., Chacón, J., Ruiz, P., Lezcano, E., Mir, P., et al. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.05.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A review of adverse events linked to dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Ceravolo, R., Rossi, C., Del Prete, E., & Bonuccelli, U. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.2016.1130128 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Frequency and Determinants of Olfactory Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Solla, P., Masala, C., Pinna, I., Ercoli, T., Loy, F., Orofino, G., Fadda, L., & Defazio, G. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11070841 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Progressive Changes in the Retinal Structure of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Ma, L., Xu, L., Mao, C., Fu, Y., Ji, X., Shen, Y., Chen, J., Yang, Y., & Liu, C. (2018) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-171184 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hallucinations and the spectrum of psychosis in Parkinson's disease
Frei, K. P., & Truong, D. D. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hallucinations, Delusions and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease
Lizárraga, K. J., Fox, S. H., Strafella, A. P., & Lang, A. E. (2019) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2019.09.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Can dopamine agonists trigger tactile hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Kataoka, H., Sawa, N., Sugie, K., & Ueno, S. (2014) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Neuro-Ophthalmological Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease
Borm, C. D. J. M., Śmiłowska, K., de Vries, N. M., Bloem, B. R., & Theelen, T. (2019) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-181523 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease: From the soft signs to the hard science
Lenka, A., Herath, P., Christopher, R., & Pal, P. K. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.06.011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nonmotor Effects of Conventional and Transdermal Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson's Disease.
Kim, R., & Jeon, B. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dauwan, M., Hoff, J. I., Vriens, E. M., Hillebrand, A., Stam, C. J., & Sommer, I. E. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101752 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Martínez-Ramírez, D., Okun, M. S., & Jaffee, M. S. (2016) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2016-0009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Detection of Parkinson's Disease by Using Machine Learning Stacking and Ensemble Method
Chaurasia, V., & Chaurasia, A. (2023) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-023-00079-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Correlates of Hallucinations and Illusions in Parkinson’s Disease
Marquès, A., Taylor, N. L., Roquet, D., Beze, S., Chassain, C., Pereira, B., O’Callaghan, C., Lewis, S. J. G., & Durif, F. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-212838 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognitive disorders in advanced Parkinson’s disease: challenges in the diagnosis of delirium
Daniels, C., Rodríguez-Antigüedad, J., Jentschke, E., Kulisevsky, J., & Volkmann, J. (2024) · Neurological Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s42466-024-00309-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chendo, I., Silva, C., Duarte, G. S., Prada, L., Voon, V., & Ferreira, J. J. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-212930 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Changes of Retina Are Not Involved in the Genesis of Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease
Kopal, A., Mejzlíková, E., Preiningerova, J. L., Brebera, D., Ulmanová, O., Ehler, E., & Roth, J. (2015) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2015/709191 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Altered microstructural properties of superficial white matter in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Chen, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Nie, K., Huang, Q., & Huang, R. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00522-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Visual Hallucinations and Impaired Conscious Visual Perception in Parkinson Disease
Kurita, A., Koshikawa, H., Akiba, T., Seki, K., Ishikawa, H., & Suzuki, M. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988719892318 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric Issues in Parkinson Disease
Goldman, J. G. (2016) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000353 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Brown, J. D., Cicali, B., Henriksen, C. H., Malaty, I. A., Okun, M. S., & Armstrong, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.6.785 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Retracted: A Parkinson Disease Classification Using Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Methodology
Joshi, D. D., Joshi, H. H., Panchal, B. Y., Goel, P., & Ganatra, A. P. (2022) · International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) · doi:10.1109/icacite53722.2022.9823509 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
RetractedChoi, J.-H., Kim, J., Yang, H. K., Lee, H., Shin, C. M., Jeong, S. J., Kim, W., Han, J. W., Yoon, I., Song, Y. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e230 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, T., Shi, J., Qin, B., Fan, D., Liu, N., Ni, J., Zhang, T., Zhou, H., Xu, X., Wei, M., et al. (2019) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04110-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Toh, W. L., Yolland, C. O. B., Gurvich, C., Barnes, J., & Rossell, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11545-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“String Hallucinations”: Multimodal Tactile and Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease
Pérez‐Pérez, J., Pagonabarraga, J., de Bobadilla, R. F., & Kulisevsky, J. (2015) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.12252 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The pathology of hallucinations: one or several points of processing breakdown?
Diederich, N. J., Goetz, C. G., & Stebbins, G. T. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118892794.ch12 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationChanging the treatment paradigm for Parkinson’s disease psychosis with pimavanserin
Lyons, K. E., Pahwa, R., Hermanowicz, N. S., Davis, T. L., Pagán, F., & Isaacson, S. (2019) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1623669 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hanoğlu, T., Hanoğlu, L., Güntekin, B., Aktürk, T., & Yuluğ, B. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Patient and Informant Views on Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson Disease
Urwyler, P., Nef, T., Müri, R. M., Killen, A., Collerton, D., Burn, D. J., McKeith, I. G., & Mosimann, U. P. (2014) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2014.12.190 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Eversfield, C. L., & Orton, L. D. (2018) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/spjd7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lewy Body Degenerations as Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Hinkle, J. T., & Pontone, G. M. (2020) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.02.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ercoli, T., Bagella, C., Frau, C., Ruiu, E., Othmani, S., Gusinu, G., Masala, C., Sechi, L. A., Solla, P., & Defazio, G. (2023) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint16010002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Advanced Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and treatment. Part II
Kulisevsky, J., Luquín, M. R., Arbelo, J. M., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Castro, A., Chacón, J., Ruiz, P., Lezcano, E., Mir, P., et al. (2013) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.05.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yu, J. R. T., Yu, X. X., Rajaram, R. D., Fernandez, H. H., & Siddiqui, J. (2022) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.09.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A review of tactile hallucinations in Parkinsons disease
Kataoka, H., & Ueno, S. (2017) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000202 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Predicting treatment‐seeking for visual hallucinations among P arkinson's disease patients
Rana, A. Q., Siddiqui, I., Zangeneh, M., Fattah, A., Awan, N., & Yousuf, M. S. (2013) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12083 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Clinical and Functional Connectivity Markers in Prediction of Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease
Li, G., Jiang, M., Chen, X., Hu, P., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70432 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ocular disorders in Parkinson’s disease: A review
Bansal, Y., & Grover, R. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research · doi:10.4103/jcor.jcor_111_23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease and Current Management Trends- an Updated Review of Literature
Dutta, R. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders · doi:10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001078 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Temporal Variation in Disease Onset and Clinical Features of Lewy Body Disease in China
Gan, J., Chen, Z., Shi, Z., Li, X., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Zhu, H., Shen, L., Zhang, G., You, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220657 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gu, C., Xie, Y., Liao, Y.-J., Wu, C., Wang, S., Zhou, Y., & Jia, S. (2018) · Drug Safety - Case Reports · doi:10.1007/s40800-018-0082-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Successful use of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale regardless of PD- or dyskinesia-duration
Ren, X., Lin, J. J., Luo, S., Goetz, C. G., Stebbins, G. T., & Cubo, E. (2019) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.08.019 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationParanoia and unusual sensory experiences in Parkinson’s disease
Brown, P., Freeman, D. H., Loe, B. S., Dow, R., & Johns, L. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2450258 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kakeda, K., Kanemoto, H., Yoshiyama, K., Suehiro, T., Umeda, S., Nakatani, Y., Koizumi, F., Satake, Y., Yamakawa, M., Yamamoto, Y., et al. (2025) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.70082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Majláth, Z., Obál, I., & Vécsei, L. (2016) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527315666161006104347 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Halluzinationen bei Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom
Weiß, D., Höglinger, G. U., Klostermann, F., Weise, D., Zeuner, K. E., & Reichmann, H. (2021) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-1670-7111 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, F., Dai, L., Pan, Y., Huang, P., Zhang, C., Sun, B., & Li, D. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110865 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Therapies under investigation for treating Parkinson's disease psychosis
Huynh, N. T., & Huot, P. (2014) · Clinical Investigation · doi:10.4155/cli.14.84 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Khommyatov, M. R., Геннадьевна, С. И., Golubev, S. A., Goryunov, А. V., & Samushiya, M. A. (2024) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202412411173 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ocular manifestations of Parkinson disease
Al-Namaeh, M. (2020) · Medical Hypothesis Discovery & Innovation in Optometry · doi:10.51329/mehdioptometry101 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Knowledge domain and emerging trends in visual hallucination research: A scientometric analysis
Zhong, M., Wu, Z., Jiang, X., Shen, B., Zhu, J., & Zhang, L. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i8.491 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Headache-Associated Phantosmia as a Harbinger of Lewy Body Dementia
Carlisle, T. C., Birlea, M., Restrepo, D., & Filley, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21110265 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chapter 11. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Graham, S. A., Adamowicz, D. H., Jeste, D. V., & Lee, E. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neurodegenerative Chemosensory Disorders
(2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139192446.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Looking Beyond the Obvious: Non-Motor Parkinsonism.
Naik, S., Kolikonda, M. K., Pittampalli, S., & Lippmann, S. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hallucinations et maladie de Parkinson
Poisson, A., & Thobois, S. (2013) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Neurologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-0378(13)27524-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Allucinazioni e malattia di Parkinson
Poisson, A., & Thobois, S. (2014) · EMC - Neurologia · doi:10.1016/s1634-7072(14)67224-x
Isaacson, S. (2015) · touchREVIEWS in Neurology · doi:10.17925/usn.2015.11.01.23
Allucinazioni e morbo di Parkinson
Poisson, A., & Thobois, S. (2022) · EMC - Neurologia · doi:10.1016/s1634-7072(21)45999-4
Jankovic, J. J., Hallett, M., Okun, M. S., Comella, C., Fahn, S., & Goldman, J. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-31071-0.00004-4
Drug-Induced Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Aquino, C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009039291.020
Necpál, J., Grofik, M., Patarák, M., Jeleňová, B., Bebjaková, V., & Baranová, L. (2025) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.1007/s44411-025-00414-z
Transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying non-affective psychosis: A role for hippocampal networks?
Kaplan, C., Perepezko, K., Pontone, G. M., & Bakker, A. (2026) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2026.10.010
- Authors
- Goetz, C. G., Stebbins, G. T., & Ouyang, B.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goetz, Christopher G.
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-07-13
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2196-2200
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- OpenAlex
- W2164514281
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Movement Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, hallucination severity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Time Factors, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
