Mild cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease patients with normal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Cognitive impairment occurs in the majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but little is known about detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population. We report on the frequency and characteristics of cognitive deficits in PD patients with intact global cognition based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance.Methods One hundred and six PD patients with normal age- and education-adjusted MMSE scores (mean [SD] score=29.1 [1.1]) were administered standardized neuropsychological tests assessing memory, executive function, and attention. Impairment on a cognitive domain was a low score (i.e., >or=1.5 SD below the published normative mean) on at least two measures or tests (for memory and executive abilities) or a single measure (for attention).Results Mild cognitive impairment was found in 29.2% of PD patients, with 17.9% demonstrating single domain and 11.3% multiple domain impairment. Memory and attention impairment were most common (15.1% and 17.0%, respectively), followed by executive impairment (8.5%). Depending on the measure of disease severity chosen, increasing age and disease severity, anti-anxiety medication use, and a suggestion for increasing severity of daytime sleepiness were independent predictors of cognitive impairment.Conclusions Cognitive deficits are common in PD patients with "normal" cognition based on MMSE performance, suggesting that MCI is under-recognized in clinical practice due to routine use of insensitive screening instruments. In contrast with some previous reports, early memory impairment may be as common as either executive or attentional deficits in PD. In addition, psychiatric medication use and daytime sleepiness may be reversible or treatable contributors to cognitive impairment.
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Mild cognitive impairment is already present in about a quarter of patients with early Parkinson disease.
“Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is already present in about a quarter of patients with early PD.[12][13][14]”
From Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Mamikonyan, E., Moberg, P. J., Siderowf, A., Duda, J. E., Have, T. T., Hurtig, H. I., Stern, M. B., & Weintraub, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weintraub, Daniel
- Venue
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 226-231
- ISSN
- 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2668811
- OpenAlex
- W2126064809
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 11.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (067894)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH067894)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Parkinson Disease, Problem Solving, Multivariate Analysis
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