Water dynamics in different biochar fractions
Open accessAbstract
Biochar is a carbonaceous porous material deliberately applied to soil to improve its fertility. The mechanisms through which biochar acts on fertility are still poorly understood. The effect of biochar texture size on water dynamics was investigated here in order to provide information to address future research on nutrient mobility towards plant roots as biochar is applied as soil amendment. A poplar biochar has been stainless steel fractionated in three different textured fractions (1.0-2.0 mm, 0.3-1.0 mm and <0.3 mm, respectively). Water-saturated fractions were analyzed by fast field cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry. Results proved that 3D exchange between bound and bulk water predominantly occurred in the coarsest fraction. However, as porosity decreased, water motion was mainly associated to a restricted 2D diffusion among the surface-site pores and the bulk-site ones. The X-ray μ-CT imaging analyses on the dry fractions revealed the lowest surface/volume ratio for the coarsest fraction, thereby corroborating the 3D water exchange mechanism hypothesized by FFC NMR relaxometry. However, multi-micrometer porosity was evidenced in all the samples. The latter finding suggested that the 3D exchange mechanism cannot even be neglected in the finest fraction as previously excluded only on the basis of NMR relaxometry results. X-ray μ-CT imaging showed heterogeneous distribution of inorganic materials inside all the fractions. The mineral components may contribute to the water relaxation mechanisms by FFC NMR relaxometry. Further studies are needed to understand the role of the inorganic particles on water dynamics.
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The naturally ultra-filtrated ions and organic molecules can penetrate the microporous structure of the biochar and even enter into the nanopore system by water dynamics.
“The naturally ultra-filtrated ions and organic molecules can penetrate the microporous structure of the biochar and even enter into the nanopore system (as nanopores are mostly larger than the aforementioned average molecular diameter) by water dynamics [79].”
From Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
Anions like nitrate or phosphate, as well as cations like ammonium, can be bound via water bridges to the organic coating of the biochar surfaces, thereby becoming reversibly sorbed.
“Subsequently, anions like nitrate or phosphate, as well as cations like ammonium, can be bound via water bridges to the organic coating of the biochar surfaces [12,79,81,84,85], thereby becoming reversibly sorbed.”
From Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Conte, P., & Nestle, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Palermo (IT)
- BASF (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Conte, Pellegrino
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-01-16
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 726-734
- ISSN
- 0749-1581 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-458X
- OpenAlex
- W1923191729
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Palermo (Progetto FFR 2012-2013)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Keywords
- biochar, water dynamics, particle size fractions, porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, micro-computed tomography, soil amendment, nutrient mobility, inorganic particles
- MeSH terms
- Charcoal, Diffusion, Fertilizers, Chemical Fractionation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Soil, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Water, Porosity, Populus
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