Mechanisms of Water Interaction with Pore Systems of Hydrochar and Pyrochar from Poplar Forestry Waste
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to understand the water-surface interactions of two chars obtained by gasification (pyrochar) and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochar) of a poplar biomass. The two samples revealed different chemical compositions as evidenced by solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy. In fact, hydrochar resulted in a lignin-like material still containing oxygenated functionalities. Pyrochar was a polyaromatic system in which no heteronuclei were detected. After saturation with water, hydrochar and pyrochar were analyzed by fast field cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry. Results showed that water movement in hydrochar was mainly confined in very small pores. Conversely, water movement in pyrochar led to the conclusion that a larger number of transitional and very large pores were present. These results were confirmed by porosity evaluation derived from gas adsorption. Variable-temperature FFC NMR experiments confirmed a slow-motion regime due to a preferential diffusion of water on the solid surface. Conversely, the higher number of large pores in pyrochar allowed slow movement only up to 50 °C. As the temperature was raised to 80 °C, water interactions with the pore surface became weaker, thereby allowing a three-dimensional water exchange with the bulk liquid. This paper has shown that pore size distribution was more important than chemical composition in affecting water movement in two chemically different charred systems.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A major part of the urine without biochar most probably leached out of the upper soil.
“While a major part of the urine without biochar most probably leached out of the upper soil, the initial mixing of the urine with biochar retained nutrients in the porous biochar system [12,76,77].”
From Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
The initial mixing of the urine with biochar retained nutrients in the porous biochar system.
“While a major part of the urine without biochar most probably leached out of the upper soil, the initial mixing of the urine with biochar retained nutrients in the porous biochar system [12,76,77].”
From Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
Cites
Biochar for environmental management: science and technology
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-0296 · Cited by 2,947 · see citing works
Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., & Zech, W. (2002) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-002-0466-4 · Cited by 2,890 · see citing works
Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils
Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O'Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luizão, F. J., Petersen, J., et al. (2006) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383 · Cited by 2,191 · see citing works
Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr07109 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., Gomez-Eyles, J. L., Harris, E., Robinson, B., & Sizmur, T. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.023 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
Biochar for environmental management: an introduction
Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203762264-8 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils
Zimmerman, A. R., Gao, B., & Ahn, M.-Y. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Importance of classical diffusion in NMR studies of water in biological cells
Brownstein, K. R., & Tarr, C. E. (1979) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.19.2446 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
Impact of Biochar Amendment on Fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil
Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Laird, D. L., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D. W., & Niandou, M. A. S. (2009) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/ss.0b013e3181981d9a · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil–concepts and mechanisms
Warnock, D. D., Lehmann, J., Kuyper, T. W., & Rillig, M. C. (2007) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9391-5 · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation
Cao, X., & Harris, W. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.052 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics
Glaser, B., Haumaier, L., Guggenberger, G., & Zech, W. (2001) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s001140000193 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity
Steinbeiss, S., Gleixner, G., & Antonietti, M. (2009) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.016 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of biochar properties as a function of feedstock sources and production temperatures
Zhao, L., Cao, X., Mašek, O., & Zimmerman, A. (2013) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.015 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
The use of nitrogen adsorption for the characterisation of porous materials
Sing, K. S. W. (2001) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00612-4 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants
Zhang, X., Wang, H., He, L., Lu, K., Sarmah, A., Li, J., Bolan, N. S., Pei, J., & Huang, H. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1659-0 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Kimmich, R., & Anoardo, E. (2004) · Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2004.03.002 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions
Mukherjee, A., & Lal, R. (2013) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy3020313 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Mohan, D., Rajput, S., Singh, V. K., Steele, P. H., & Pittman, C. U. J. (2011) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.127 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
One Step Forward toward Characterization: Some Important Material Properties to Distinguish Biochars
Schimmelpfennig, S., & Glaser, B. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0146 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationUniform-Penalty Inversion of Multiexponential Decay Data
Borgia, G. C., Brown, R. J., & Fantazzini, P. (1998) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1006/jmre.1998.1387 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Biochar mitigates negative effects of salt additions on two herbaceous plant species
Thomas, S. C., Frye, S., Gale, N., Garmon, M., Launchbury, R., Machado, N., Melamed, S., Murray, J., Petroff, A., & Winsborough, C. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.057 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration
Mao, J., Johnson, R. L., Lehmann, J. C., Olk, D. C., Neves, E. G., Thompson, M. L., & Schmidt‐Rohr, K. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301107c · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Knicker, H. (2011) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.02.037 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Uniform-Penalty Inversion of Multiexponential Decay Data
Borgia, G. C., Brown, R. J., & Fantazzini, P. (2000) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1006/jmre.2000.2197 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Wiedner, K., Naisse, C., Rumpel, C., Pozzi, A., Wieczorek, P., & Glaser, B. (2012) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.10.006 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationPractical NMR Relaxation for Chemists
Bakhmutov, V. I. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470094486 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Variation in the degree of aromatic condensation of chars
McBeath, A. V., & Smernik, R. J. (2009) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.006 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Nature of water-biochar interface interactions
Conte, P., Marsala, V., De Pasquale, C., Bubici, S., Valagussa, M., Pozzi, A., & Alonzo, G. (2013) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Independent Nucleation and Heterogeneous Assembly of Structure During Folding of Equine Lysozyme
Morozova‐Roche, L. A., Jones, J. A., Noppe, W., & Dobson, C. M. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2741 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Characterization of unsaturated porous media by high‐field and low‐field NMR relaxometry
Stingaciu, L. R., Pohlmeier, A., Blümler, P., et al. (2009) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2008wr007459 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
PASQUALE, C. D., Marsala, V., Berns, A. E., Valagussa, M., Pozzi, A., Alonzo, G., & Conte, P. (2012) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-012-0489-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAlmendros, G., Martı́nez, Á. T., González, A. E., et al. (1992) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00019a043 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fluid Transport in Nanoporous Materials
Conner, W. C., & Fraissard, J. P. (2006) · NATO science series. Series II, Mathematics, physics and chemistry · doi:10.1007/1-4020-4382-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Laudicina, V. A., PASQUALE, C. D., Conte, P., Badalucco, L., Alonzo, G., & Palazzolo, E. (2012) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-012-0522-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental NMR: Fast-field-cycling Relaxometry
Conte, P., & Alonzo, G. (1996) · doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1330 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPGSE NMR and Molecular Translational Motion in Porous Media
Callaghan, P. T., & Coy, A. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1410-3_11 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Godward, J., Gunning, P. A., & Hills, B. P. (1999) · Applied Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1007/bf03162085 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Korb, J. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-4382-1_20 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar
Kammann, C. I., Schmidt, H.-P., Messerschmidt, N., Linsel, S., Steffens, D., Müller, C., Koyro, H.-W., Conte, P., & Joseph, S. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11080 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt, H., Pandit, B., Martinsen, V., Cornelissen, G., Conte, P., & Kammann, C. (2015) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture5030723 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationWater dynamics in different biochar fractions
Conte, P., & Nestle, N. (2015) · Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry · doi:10.1002/mrc.4204 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Conte, P., Hanke, U. M., Marsala, V., Cimò, G., Alonzo, G., & Glaser, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Conte, Pellegrino
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-05-14
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 4917-4923
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2036164016
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- hydrochar, pyrochar, poplar biomass, water sorption, pore size distribution, water diffusion, fast field cycling NMR, biomass gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, porosity
- MeSH terms
- Charcoal, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Temperature, Waste Products, Water, Porosity, Forestry, Populus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
