Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles
Abstract
Aims: Due to their contribution to modulation of intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) and stiffness of the sacroiliac joints, the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) have been argued to provide a contribution to control of the lumbar spine and pelvis. Furthermore, as IAP is modulated during respiration this is likely to be accompanied by changes in PFM activity. Methods: In order to evaluate the postural and respiratory function of the PFM, recordings of anal and vaginal electromyographic activity (EMG) were made with surface electrodes during single and repetitive arm movements that challenge the stability of the spine. EMG recordings were also made during respiratory tasks: quiet breathing and breathing with increased dead‐space to induce hypercapnoea. Results: EMG activity of the PFM was increased in advance of deltoid muscle activity as a component of the pre‐programmed anticipatory postural activity. This activity was independent of the direction of arm movement. During repetitive movements, PFM EMG was tonic with phasic bursts at the frequency of arm movement. This activity was related to the peak acceleration of the arm, and therefore the amplitude of the reactive forces imposed on the spine. Respiratory activity was observed for the anal and vaginal EMG and was primarily expiratory. When subjects moved the arm repetitively while breathing, PFM EMG was primarily modulated in association with arm movement with little respiratory modulation. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the PFM contribute to both postural and respiratory functions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:362–371, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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During activities in which surges in abdominal muscle activity and diaphragm activity increase pressure on the bladder and colon, anticipatory innervations of pelvic floor sphincter muscles are necessary to prevent leakage of urine and feces.
“For example, during activities in which surges in abdominal muscle activity and diaphragm activity increase pressure on the bladder and colon, anticipatory innervations of pelvic floor sphincter muscles are necessary to prevent leakage of urine and feces (Campbell et al. 2012; Hodges et al. 2007).”
From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as Hodges et al. 2007
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- Authors
- Hodges, P. W., Sapsford, R., & Pengel, L. H. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hodges, P.W.
- Venue
- Neurourology and Urodynamics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-04-25
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 362-371
- ISSN
- 0733-2467 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6777
- OpenAlex
- W2007402261
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurourology and Urodynamics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Keywords
- pelvic floor muscles, intra-abdominal pressure, postural control, respiratory control, anticipatory postural adjustments, arm movement, expiratory muscle activity, lumbar spine stability, electromyography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anal Canal, Arm, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Hypercapnia, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Movement, Muscle Contraction, Posture, Respiratory Dead Space, Vagina, Respiratory Mechanics, Pelvic Floor, Muscle, Skeletal
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