Cited by 61Nonprofit Sector and VolunteeringLeadership and Management in OrganizationsWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

Building a legacy of volunteers through servant leadership: A cause-related sporting event

Open access
Linda Parris, Denise, Welty Peachey, Jon·2012·Nonprofit Management and Leadership

Abstract

This study explores the leadership style of the founder of a cause‐related sporting event and investigates the effects of this style on motivating volunteers. The National Kidney Foundation Surf Festival, established more than twenty‐five years ago to benefit people with kidney disease, was selected as an extreme case because of the event's longevity and success. Data were collected through semi‐structured personal interviews, document analysis, and personal observation. Results indicated that the founder is a servant leader. Three key themes of servant leadership, and its influence on volunteer motivation, emerged from the data: generating a shared vision dedicated to helping others, building a caring and loving community, and creating the freedom and resources for followers to become servants themselves. Our findings also indicated that the spiritual and moral tenets of servant leadership are applicable to secular nonprofit organizations.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/nml.21047

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Qualitative servant leadership work has tended to focus on single case studies utilizing interviews, focus groups, secondary data, and observations.

    “The qualitative work on servant leadership has tended to focus on single case studies, utilizing interviews (e.g.Udani & Lorenzo-Molo, 2013), focus groups (e.g.Carter & Baghurst, 2014), secondary data (archival records) (e.g.Parris & Peachey, 2012), and observations (e.g.Ebener & O'Connell, 2010).”

    From Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research (2019) · cites this paper as Parris & Peachey, 2012

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 51

  1. Avolio, B.J., Waldman, D., and Yammarino, F. "Leading in the 1990's: The Four I's of Transformational Leadership." Journal of European Industrial Training, 1991, 15(4), 9
  2. Bass, B. M. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. The Free Press, New York, NY, 1985.
  3. Bass, B. M. "From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision." Organizational Dynamics, 1990, 18 (3), 19-31.
  4. Bass, B.M. "The Future of Leadership in the Learning Organization." Journal of Leadership Studies, 2000, 7(3), 18-38.
  5. Bass, B., & Bass, R. The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. (4th ed.) New York, NY: The Free Press, 2008.
  6. Bendapudi, N., Singh., S.N., and Bendapudi, V. "Enhancing Helping Behavior: An Integrative Framework for Promotion Planning." Journal of Marketing, 1996, 60, 33-49.
  7. Berg, B. L. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. (4 th ed.) Boston MA: Allan and Bacon, 2001.
  8. Bloye, D., and Smith, A. Sport Policy and Development: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2009.
  9. Bowman, M.A. Popular Approaches to Leadership. In P.G. Northhouse (eds.) Leadership: Theory and Practice (pp.239-260). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.
  10. Bruening, J.E. "Coaching Difference: A Case Study of 4 African American Women Student-athletes." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2004, 18(2), 242-252.
  11. Downton, J.V. Rebel Leadership: Commitment and Charisma in the Revolutionary Process. New York, NY: Free Press, 1973.
  12. Ebener, D. and O'Connell, D. "How Might Servant Leadership Work?" Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 2010, 20(3), 315-335.
  13. Eisner, D., Grimm, R. Maynard, S. and Washburn, S. "The New Volunteer Workforce." Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2009, 32-37.
  14. Farling, M.L., Stone, A.G., and Winston, B.E. "Servant Leadership: Setting the Stage for Empirical Research." Journal of Leadership Studies, 1999, 6, 49-62.
  15. Fisher, R.J., and Ackerman, D. "The Effects of Recognition and Group Need on Volunteering: A Social Norm Perspective." Journal of Consumer Research, 1998, 25, 262-275.
  16. Giampetro-Meyer., A, Brown., S.J.T., Browne., M.N., and Kubasek, N. "Do We Really Want More Leaders in Business?" Journal of Business Ethics, 1998, 17, 1727-1736.
  17. Glense, C. Becoming Qualitative Researches: An Introduction. (3rd ed.) New York, NY: Pearson, 2006.
  18. Graham, J. "Servant-Leadership in Organizations: Inspirational and Moral." Leadership Quarterly, 1991, 2(2), 105-119.
  19. Green, B.C. "Sport as an Agent of Social and Personal Change." In Management of Sports Development, edited by V. Girginove. Oxford: Elsevier, 2008.
  20. Greenleaf, R. Servant Leadership. New York, NY: Paulist Press, 1977.
  21. Cnaan, R., and Haski-Leventhal, D. "Group Processes and Volunteering: Using Groups to Enhance Volunteerism." Administration in Social Work, 2009, 33, 61-80.
  22. Hammermeister, J., Burton, D., Pickering, M. A., Westro, K., Baldwin, N. & Chase, M. "Servant Leadership in Sport: A Concept Whose Time has Arrived." International Journal of Servant Leadership, 2008, 4, 185-215.
  23. Higgins, J.W. and Lauzon, L. "Finding the Funds in Fun Runs: Exploring Physical Activity Events as Fundraising Tools in the Non-profit Sector." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 2003, 84(4), 363-377.
  24. Janesick, V. "The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry and meaning." In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 209-219).
  25. Jaworski, J. "Destiny and the leader." In Spears, L. C. (Ed.)., Insights on Servant Leadership: Service, Stewarship, Spirit, and Servant Leadership. New York: Wiley, 1997.
  26. Judge, T. A., and Piccolo, R. F. "Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity." Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 89, 755- 768.
  27. Laub, J. (1999). Assessing the Servant Organization: Development of the Servant Organizational Leadership (SOLA) instrument. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60(2), 308. (UMI No.9921922).
  28. Lanctot, J.D., and Irving, J.A. "Character and Leadership: Situating Servant Leadership in a Proposed Virtues Framework." International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2010, 6(1), 28-50.
  29. Liden, R.C., Wayne, S.J, Zhao, H., and Henderson, D. "Servant Leadership: Development of a Multidimensional Measure and Multi-Level Assessment." Leadership Quarterly, 2008, 19, 161-177.
  30. Mead, G.H. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1934.
  31. Monga, M. "Measuring Motivation to Volunteer for Special Events." Event Management, 2006, 10(1), 47-61.
  32. Neuman, W.L. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. (6th ed.) Boston: Pearson Education, 2006.
  33. Patterson, K. "Servant leadership: A Theoretical Model." Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(2), 570. (UMI No. 3082719), 2003.
  34. Parolini, J., Patterson, K., and Winston. "Distinguishing Between Transformational and Servant Leadership." Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 2009, 30 (3), 274-291.
  35. Pope, J.A., Isely, E. S., and Asamoa-Tutu, F. "Developing a Marketing Strategy for Nonprofit Organizations: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 2009, 21(2), 184-201.
  36. Principle, H., and Thompson, M. (1999). Brand Spirit: How Cause Related Marketing Builds Brands. Chichester, New York: Wiley, 1999.
  37. Rieke, M., Hammermeister, J., and Chase, M. "Servant Leadership in Sport: A New Paradigm for Effective Coach Behavior." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2008, 3(2), 227-239.
  38. Russell, R. "The Role of Values in Servant Leadership." Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2001, 22(2), 76-83.
  39. Russell, R., and Stone, A.G. "A Review of Servant Leadership Attributes: Developing a Practical Model." Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 2002, 23(3), 145- 157.
  40. Schein, E. H. Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 1990, 45, 109-119.
  41. Schneider, B. "The People Make the Place." Personnel Psychology, 1987, 40, 437-453.
  42. Schwandt, T.A. The sage dictionary of qualitative inquiry. ( 3 rd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2007.
  43. Sendjaya, S., and Sarros, J. "Servant Leadership: Its Origin, Development, and Application in Organizations." Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 2002, 9(2), 57-64.
  44. Sherry, E. "(Re) Engaging Marginalized Groups through Sport: The Homeless World Cup." International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2010, 45(1), 59-71.
  45. Smith, D. H. "Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering: A Literature Review." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 1994, 23, 243-263.
  46. Spears, L. Insights on leadership: Service, stewardship, spirit, and servant-leadership. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998.
  47. Taylor, C. "Using Volunteers in Economic Development." Economic Development Review, 1995, Summer, 28-30.
  48. Tierney, T. "The Leadership Deficit." Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2006, 26-35.
  49. Wilson, J. "Volunteering." Annual Review of Sociology, 2000, 26, 215-240.
  50. Yukl, G. Leadership in Organizations. (4 th ed.) Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998.
  51. Yukl, G. Leadership in Organizations. (7th ed.) Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ: New Jersey, 2010.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Linda Parris, D., & Welty Peachey, J.
Venue
Nonprofit Management and Leadership
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-06-25
Volume
23
Issue
2
Pages
259-276
ISSN
  • 1048-6682 (ISSN-L)
  • 1542-7854
OpenAlex
W2082433804
Cited by
61
References
6
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
FWCI
8.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nonprofit Management and Leadership (publishedVersion)
  • SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords
servant leadership, volunteer motivation, nonprofit organizations, shared vision, organizational community, legacy building

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review