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Cited by 27Ethics in medical practiceEthics in Business and EducationHealthcare Education and Workforce Issues

Moral awareness and its relationship with moral sensitivity among Iranian nursing students: A basis for nursing ethics education

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Rahmani, Parvin, Behshid, Mozhgan, Seif‐Farshad, Mehran, Mousavi, Saeid, Molaei Tavani, Fatemeh·2023·Nursing Open
DOI 10.1002/nop2.1344PMC PMC9834526
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Abstract

Aim: This descriptive‐analytical correlational study was carried out to examine moral awareness and its relationship with moral sensitivity among Iranian nursing students. Design: A descriptive‐analytical correlational study. Methods: The present descriptive‐analytical study was performed among 140 Iranian nursing students. The data collection tool was a three‐part questionnaire including (1) Demographic Information Questionnaire, (2) Nurses' Awareness about the Iranian Nursing Code of Ethics by Mohajjel Aghdam and (3) Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) by Kim Lutzen. The data collected from these questionnaires were analysed in SPSS‐26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean moral awareness (29.42 ± 4.01) was good, and the mean moral sensitivity (135.05 ± 18.79) was moderate among the students. A significant positive correlation was observed between the total score of moral awareness and moral sensitivity (r = .22, p = .009) in the nursing students.

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  • Existing research methodologies in this area primarily rely on qualitative interviews, often feature small sample sizes, and include few randomized controlled trials; small overall sample sizes limit generalizability and statistical power.

    “Existing research methodologies present several limitations: on one hand, mainstream studies primarily rely on qualitative interviews, often feature small sample sizes, and include few randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The generally small overall sample sizes limit the generalizability and statistical power of the conclusions [33–37].”

    From Exploring the integration of AI and national quality courses in China: a study on teaching practices in nursing smart education (2025) · cites this paper as [36]

    The Discussion’s Limitations section says this study drew participants from one nursing school using non-random sampling, limiting generalizability. It does not characterize research in the area as predominantly interview-based or small-sampled, assess the number of RCTs, or link sample size to statistical power. The Methods section instead describes this study as a questionnaire-based correlational study. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Dalvand, S., Khodadadi, B., Niksima, S., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., & Shirzadegan, R. (2017a). Moral of nurses in Shahid Madani hospital of Khorramabad in 2017. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 3(2), 38– 48.
  2. Eskandari, S. H., Heidari, M., Nezarat, S., Mousavi, M., Harizavi, M. A., & Zahedi, A. (2016). Attitude of nursing students to ethics codes, commitment to ethics of care and academic dishonesty in Abadan school of medical sciences during. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 9, 55– 64.
  3. Imani, J., Rezae, H. H., & Mirzai, M. (2018). Evaluation the effect of work conscientiousness and moral sensitivity with ethical stress in nurses working in intensive care units in educational and therapeutic centers affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Society Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Quarterly, 2(4), 20– 27.
  4. Rahnavard, M., Zarea, K., Fakhri, A., & Ghanbari, S. (2021). Investigating the relationship between ethics and job motivation and aggression in nurses working in Ahvaz teaching hospitals (2020). Education and Ethics in Nursing, 10(3), 31– 41.

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Authors
Rahmani, P., Behshid, M., Seif‐Farshad, M., Mousavi, S., & Molaei Tavani, F.
Affiliations
  • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Student Research Committee Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
Corresponding author
Behshid, Mozhgan
ORCID
Venue
Nursing Open
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-09-20
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
773-780
ISSN
2054-1058 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/nop2.1344
PMC
PMC9834526
OpenAlex
W4297855206
Cited by
27
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
FWCI
6.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nursing Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Tabriz
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Ethics in medical practice
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Ethics in Business and Education
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
Keywords
moral awareness, moral sensitivity, nursing students, nursing ethics education, nursing ethics
MeSH terms
Education, Nursing, Ethics, Nursing, Humans, Iran, Morals, Students, Nursing

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