Interval training in the fed or fasted state improves body composition and muscle oxidative capacity in overweight women: Interval Training Improves Body Composition
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) performed in the fasted (FAST) versus fed (FED) state on body composition, muscle oxidative capacity, and glycemic control in overweight/obese women. DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen women (27 ± 8 years, BMI: 29 ± 6 kg/m(2) , VO2peak : 28 ± 3 ml/kg/min) were assigned to either FAST or FED (n = 8 each) and performed 18 sessions of HIT (10× 60-s cycling efforts at ∼90% maximal heart rate, 60-s recovery) over 6 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between FAST and FED for any measured variable. Body mass was unchanged following training; however, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed lower percent fat in abdominal and leg regions as well as the whole body level (main effects for time, P ≤ 0.05). Fat-free mass increased in leg and gynoid regions (P ≤ 0.05). Resting muscle biopsies revealed a training-induced increase in mitochondrial capacity as evidenced by increased maximal activities of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (P ≤ 0.05). There was no change in insulin sensitivity, although change in insulin area under the curve was correlated with change in abdominal percent fat (r = 0.54, P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term low-volume HIT is a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition and muscle oxidative capacity in overweight/obese women, but fed- versus fasted-state training does not alter this response.
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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases aerobic capacity in both men and women, but its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity appears to be blunted in women.
“while high-intensity interval training (HIIT; for the purpose of this review including both sprint-and high-intensity interval training) increases aerobic capacity in both men and women, its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity appears to be blunted in women (Metcalfe et al. 2012;Gillen et al. 2013).”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as Gillen et al. 2013
The Exercise responses and training data section reports increased VO₂peak in the women studied. The Low-volume HIT and markers of insulin sensitivity section reports no improvement in those women and cites a study suggesting improvements in men but not women. This paper does not establish the claim that HIIT increases aerobic capacity in men. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe lack of change in peripheral glucose control in women in the present study is consistent with recent reports by others.
“The lack of change in peripheral glucose control in women in the present study is consistent with recent reports by others [10], [15], although this is not a universal finding [2].”
From Three minutes of all-out intermittent exercise per week increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiometabolic health (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
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References 36 · Cited by 222
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from comparison oral glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1462-1470.
- Tomlin DL, Wenger HA. Fitness and recovery from high intensity intermittent exer- cise. Sports Med 2001;31:1-11.
- Markovic TP, Jenkins AB, Campbell LV, Furler SM, Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ. The determinants of glycemic responses. Diabetes 1998;21:687-694.
- Authors
- Gillen, J. B., Percival, M. E., Ludzki, A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Gibala, M. J.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gibala, Martin. J.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-05-31
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2249-2255
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2125494227
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 51.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training, body composition, muscle oxidative capacity, mitochondrial capacity, fat-free mass, abdominal fat, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, overweight women, cycling
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Diet, Reducing, Eating, Exercise Therapy, Fasting, Female, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Overweight, Young Adult, Weight Reduction Programs
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