The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss
Abstract
Objective: This study compared intermittent fasting and protein pacing (IF‐P) versus a heart‐healthy caloric restriction (CR) diet, matched for energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure, on body weight, total and visceral fat mass, and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity. Methods: IF‐P ( n = 21) and CR ( n = 20) were assessed pre‐ (week 0), mid‐ (week 5), and post‐ (week 9) intervention. Results: Both groups reduced ( p < 0.05) weight, total and visceral fat mass, blood pressure and lipids, and desire to eat food and increased proportion of fat‐free mass. IF‐P resulted in greater ( p < 0.05) reductions in weight (−9% vs. −5%), total (−16% vs. −9%) and visceral (−33% vs. −14%) fat mass, and desire to eat (−17% vs. 1%) and increased fat‐free mass percent (6% vs. 3%) compared with CR. These improvements were despite similar weekly total energy intake (IF‐P, 9470 ± 550 vs. CR, 9095 ± 608 kcal/wk; p = 0.90) and physical activity energy expenditure (IF‐P, 300 ± 150 vs. CR, 350 ± 200 kcal/d; p = 0.79). Conclusions: IF‐P and CR optimize weight loss, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management, with IF‐P providing greater benefits.
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Arciero et al. have shown superior body composition (reduced total body, fat, and visceral fat mass) with twice-weekly fasting compared with continuous energy restriction.
“In contrast to these findings, Arciero et al. [4,70,71] have shown superior body composition (reduced total body, fat, and visceral fat mass) with TWF compared with CER.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results (BW and composition during WL; page not provided) report greater reductions in body weight, total fat, and visceral fat for intermittent fasting plus protein pacing than for daily caloric restriction. But the Methods (Experimental design; page not provided) say only a subgroup fasted twice weekly during the first four weeks; from week 5, all fasting participants fasted once weekly. The reported overall comparison therefore does not establish the claimed result for twice-weekly fasting throughout. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Cites
Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease
de Cabo, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1905136 · Cited by 1,605
Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Schwartz, M. W., Seeley, R. J., Zeltser, L. M., Drewnowski, A., Ravussin, E., Redman, L. M., & Leibel, R. L. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00111 · Cited by 727 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, the current findings’ public health impact and messaging support an emphasis on the quality of nutrient-density intake, including reduced sugar and increased protein and fiber intake, instead of the total quantity of food consumption to augment WL [19], body composition, and foodintake behaviors for adult…”
BackgroundCalorie restriction with or without time-restricted eating in weight loss
Liu, D., Huang, Y., Huang, C., Yang, S., Wei, X., Zhang, P., Guo, D., Lin, J., Xu, B., Li, C., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114833 · Cited by 516
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“However, others have noted significant changes may occur in 5 weeks or less [5, 27, 28].”
BackgroundHarris, L., Hamilton, S., Azevedo, L. B., Olajide, J., De Brún, C., Waller, G., Whittaker, V., Sharp, T., Lean, M., Hankey, C., et al. (2018) · JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003248 · Cited by 319
Cioffi, I., Evangelista, A., Ponzo, V., Ciccone, G., Soldati, L., Santarpia, L., Contaldo, F., Pasanisi, F., Ghigo, E., & Bo, S. (2018) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1748-4 · Cited by 190
Lim, M. T., Pan, B. J., Toh, D. W. K., Sutanto, C. N., & Kim, J. E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020661 · Cited by 164 · cited 1×
“Given the well-established greater amount of leucine present in animal protein sources, including whey protein, IF-P improved FFM retention compared with CR [26].”
BackgroundTempleman, I., Smith, H. A., Chowdhury, E., Chen, Y.-C., Carroll, H., Johnson-Bonson, D., Hengist, A., Smith, R., Creighton, J., Clayton, D., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8034 · Cited by 113
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International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction
Aragon, A. A., Campbell, B. I., Schoenfeld, B. J., Stout, J. R., Kalman, D., Arciero, P. J., Arent, S. M., Kreider, R. B., Taylor, L. W., Bannock, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2740266
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Arciero, P. J., Poe, M., Mohr, A. E., Ives, S. J., Arciero, A., Sweazea, K. L., Gumpricht, E., & Arciero, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA
- College of Health Solutions Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona USA
- Isagenix International LLC Gilbert Arizona USA
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-12-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 139-149
- ISSN
- 1930-7381
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC10107279
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 8
- Language
- en
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