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Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance

Arciero, Paul, Edmonds, Rohan, He, Feng, Ward, Emery, Gumpricht, Eric, Mohr, Alex, Ormsbee, Michael, Astrup, Arne·2016·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu8080476PMC PMC4997389
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Abstract

Short-Term protein-pacing (P; ~6 meals/day, >30% protein/day) and caloric restriction (CR, ~25% energy deficit) improves total (TBF), abdominal (ABF) and visceral (VAT) fat loss, energy expenditure, and biomarkers compared to heart healthy (HH) recommendations (3 meals/day, 15% protein/day) in obese adults. Less is known whether obese men and women respond similarly to P-CR during weight loss (WL) and whether a modified P-CR (mP-CR) is more efficacious than a HH diet during long-term (52 week) weight maintenance (WM). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of: (1) P-CR on TBF, ABF, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and biomarkers between obese men and women during WL (weeks 0–12); and (2) mP-CR compared to a HH diet during WM (weeks 13–64). During WL, men (n = 21) and women (n = 19) were assessed for TBF, ABF, VAT, RMR, and biomarkers at weeks 0 (pre) and 12 (post). Men and women had similar reductions (p < 0.01) in weight (10%), TBF (19%), ABF (25%), VAT (33%), glucose (7%–12%), insulin (40%), leptin (>50%) and increase in % lean body mass (9%). RMR (kcals/kg bodyweight) was unchanged and respiratory quotient decreased 9%. Twenty-four subjects (mP-CR, n = 10; HH, n = 14) completed WM. mP-CR regained significantly less body weight (6%), TBF (12%), and ABF (17%) compared to HH (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate P-CR enhances weight loss, body composition and biomarkers, and maintains these changes for 52-weeks compared to a traditional HH diet.

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Metadata

Authors
Arciero, P., Edmonds, R., He, F., Ward, E., Gumpricht, E., Mohr, A., Ormsbee, M., & Astrup, A.
Affiliations
  • Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
  • Isagenix International LLC, Gilbert, AZ 85297, USA
  • Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
  • Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, København 1017, Denmark
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-07-30
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
476
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu8080476
PMC
PMC4997389
Cited by
36
References
12
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Isagenix International, LLC (IRB #: 1307-347)

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