Reducing adolescents' involvement with relational aggression: Evaluating the effectiveness of the Creating A Safe School (CASS) intervention: Effectiveness of CASS
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a comprehensive, school-based intervention program, Creating A Safe School (CASS; The Ophelia Project) designed to reduce relational aggression (RA) and relational victimization (RV). Sixth-grade students (N = 406) were surveyed before and after the intervention. Program effects were tested using a repeated-measures design. Results revealed significant reductions in RA and RV among students who reported initially high levels of involvement. Findings also showed that decreasing approval of RA accounted for a significant amount of variance in changes in RA between pre- and posttest. These results provide initial evidence of the effectiveness of the CASS intervention model in reducing RA among early adolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The SBM program led to reductions in aggressive behavior.
“aggressive behavior (Nixon and Werner, 2010; Keller and Pryce, 2012; Jablon and Lyons, 2021)”
From Outcome domains and assessment measures in school-based youth mentoring programs: a systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Nixon and Werner, 2010
The SBM program led to reductions in peer victimization.
“reductions in peer victimization (Elledge et al., 2010; Nixon and Werner, 2010)”
From Outcome domains and assessment measures in school-based youth mentoring programs: a systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Nixon and Werner, 2010
Cites
Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents
Bearman, P. S., & Moody, J. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.89 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Response-shift bias: A source of contamination of self-report measures.
Howard, G. S., & Dailey, P. R. (1979) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.64.2.144 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Secondary prevention as context for assessing change processes in aggressive children
Cavell, T. A., & Hughes, J. N. (2000) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(99)00040-0 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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Tiraieyari, N., & Krauss, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1518053
- Authors
- Nixon, C. L., & Werner, N. E.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nixon, Charisse L.
- ORCID
- Nixon, Charisse L.
- Venue
- Psychology in the Schools
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05-19
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 606-620
- ISSN
- 0033-3085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2109718495
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychology in the Schools (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Education for Peace and Conflict Resolution
- Keywords
- relational aggression, relational victimization, school-based intervention, early adolescents, sixth grade students, intervention effectiveness, bullying prevention
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