The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A mixed‐methods analysis of averted mass violence in schools: Implications for professional school counselors
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how recent incidents of planned mass violence in high schools within the United States were successfully averted. Using the Averted School Violence database, this study utilizes a mixed‐methods content analysis approach to analyze 82 incidents of averted mass violence in high schools that occurred post‐Columbine era. The following three themes were identified: attack motives and logistics, plot discovery, and attack aversion. Implications for professional school counselors in preventing similar mass violence attacks in the future are discussed, including fostering trusting relationships between students and adults, providing education to parents about social media platforms and proper firearms storage, establishing threat assessment teams, and educating parents, students, and school personnel about warning signs for violence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, only averted incidents were analyzed in this paper.”
From An ounce of prevention: identifying factors associated with whether a school shooting was averted or carried out (2026) · cites this paper as Cowan et al., 2022
In the citing paper
“They discovered that most threats were averted in the planning and preparation phase of the potential attack, usually through verbal leakage (telling others about their plan).”
From An ounce of prevention: identifying factors associated with whether a school shooting was averted or carried out (2026) · cites this paper as Cowan et al., 2022
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research
Berger, R. (2015) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794112468475 · Cited by 4,031
A Review of the Quality Indicators of Rigor in Qualitative Research
Johnson, J. L., Adkins, D., & Chauvin, S. (2020) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe7120 · Cited by 2,076
Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., Heene, M., Wicher, M., & Kainbacher, M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023304 · Cited by 983
Methods and Meanings: Credibility and Trustworthiness of Qualitative Research
Cope, D. G. (2014) · Oncology Nursing Forum · doi:10.1188/14.onf.89-91 · Cited by 812
Research works printed but not linked: 34
- 10.1007/s12310-020-09369-8 · DOI
- 10.7748/nr2012.11.20.2.40.c9442 · DOI
- 10.3316/QRJ0902027 · DOI · Paper page
- Calhoun F. S., 2003, Contemporary threat management: A practical guide for identifying, assessing, and managing individuals of violent intent
- 10.1188/14.ONF.545-547 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.4236/blr.2012.32009 · DOI · Paper page
- Creswell J. W., 2014, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches
- Creswell J. W., 2018, Qualitative inquiry and research design
- Donohue P., 2015, Using universal screening for early identification of students at risk: A case example from the field, Professional School Counseling, 19, 133, 10.5330/1096-2409-19.1.133 · DOI
- 10.1002/jip.1439 · DOI
- 10.2196/jmir.5391 · DOI
- 10.1177/1049732305276687 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/0002764218763476 · DOI
- 10.3928/00485713-20200810-01 · DOI
- Latane B., 1969, Bystander "apathy.", American Scientist, 57, 244
- 10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.006 · DOI
- 10.1177/1541204013497768 · DOI
- 10.1177/1942602X19885363 · DOI
- 10.1002/bsl.986 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.08.001 · DOI
- O'Toole M. E.(2000). The school shooter: A threat assessment perspective. Critical Incident Response Group FBI Academy National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. · DOI
- Paradice D., 2017, An analysis of U.S. school shooting data (1840−2015), Education, 138, 135
- Pollack W. S. Modzeleski W. &Rooney G.(2008).Prior to knowledge of potential school‐based violence: Information students learn may prevent a targeted attack. U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Department of Education.https://www.secretservice.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/bystander_study.pdf · DOI
- Ravitch S. M., 2021, Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological
- Ray S. L., 2007, Building caring schools: Implications for professional school counselors, Journal of School Counseling, 5, 1
- 10.1177/1039856218759406 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.soscij.2011.11.001 · DOI
- Rossin‐Slater M. Schnell M. Schwandt H. Trejo S. &Uniat L.(2019).Local exposure to school shootings and youth antidepressant use.https://siepr.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/19-036.pdf · DOI
- Schildkraut J., 2019, A call to the media to change reporting practices for coverage of mass shootings, Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 60, 273
- Shava G. N., 2021, Qualitative content analysis, utility, usability and processes in educational research, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Sciences, 5, 553
- 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.037 · DOI
- 10.19043/ipdj.102.010 · DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0117259 · DOI
Cited by
Kapadia, K., Byrd, K., & John, R. S. (2026) · Data & Policy · doi:10.1017/dap.2026.10084
Metadata
- Authors
- Cowan, R. G., Tedeschi, P. J., Corbin, M., & Cole, R.
- Affiliations
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences Walden University Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Disaster Mental Health Volunteer The American Red Cross of Greater New York Mineola New York USA
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA
- ORCID
- Cowan, Rebecca G.
- Venue
- Psychology in the Schools
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-01-10
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 817-831
- ISSN
- 0033-3085
- 1520-6807
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A mixed‐methods analysis of averted mass violence in schools: Implications for professional school counselors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/pits.22647
- The paper
- Cowan, R. G., Tedeschi, P. J., Corbin, M., & Cole, R. (2022). A mixed‐methods analysis of averted mass violence in schools: Implications for professional school counselors. Psychology in the Schools. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22647
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.