Effect of interfacial bonding on the strength of adhesion

Abstract

The strength of adhesion has been determined experimentally for an elastomer layer coupled to a rigid substrate by interfacial chemical bonds of varying surface density. Sites for interfacial bonding were obtained by treating glass plates with mixtures of vinyl‐and ethylsilanes in varying proportions. A layer of polybutadiene was then applied and cross‐linked in situ by a free‐radical process. Formation of interfacial bonds to vinyl groups (when present) on the glass substrate is inferred from the proportional increase in strength of adhesion under near‐equilibrium conditions, i.e., at low rates of detachment and at high temperatures. A 35‐fold increase in strength was found for vinylsilane, relative to ethylsilane, in rough agreement with the relative magnitudes of the strengths of covalent and dispersion bonds. However, the absolute magnitudes were much greater than predicted, by a factor of about 25 in both cases. This is attributed to the polymeric character of the elastomer: many molecular bonds must be stressed in order to detach or rupture one.4 In agreement with this hypothesis, the strength of adhesion decreased with increasing crosslinking. Anomalously high adhesion was found with clean glass. It presumably reflects a specific bonding mechanism of unknown type.