Cited by 248Receptor Mechanisms and SignalingNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

Structure, function, and regulation of adrenergic receptors

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Strosberg, A. D.·1993·Protein Science

Abstract

Adrenergic receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to the large multigenic family of receptors coupled to GTP‐binding proteins. Three pharmacologic types have been identified: α 1 ‐, α 2 ‐, and β‐adrenergic receptors. Each of these has three subtypes, characterized by both structural and functional differences. The α 2 and β receptors are coupled negatively and positively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase via G i or G s regulatory proteins, and the α 1 receptors modulate phospholipase C via the G o protein. Subtype expression is regulated at the level of the gene, the mRNA, and the protein through various transcriptional and postsynthetic mechanisms. Adrenergic receptors constitute, after rhodopsin, one of the best studied models for the other receptors coupled to G proteins that are likely to display similar structural and functional properties.

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  • There are five dopamine receptors, three norepinephrine receptors each with three subtypes, and seven serotonin receptor families comprising 14 total receptors, all G-protein coupled except 5-HT3.

    “with five dopamine receptors (D1-5), three norepinephrine receptors each with three subtypes (α1a,b,d, α2a,b,c and β1,2,3) and seven serotonin receptor families (5-HT1-7) comprised of 14 total receptors all of which are G-protein coupled, except for 5-HT3”

    From Mechanisms of ketamine and its metabolites as antidepressants (2022) · cites this paper as Strosberg, 1993

    The Abstract and “Nine subtypes” section identify three adrenergic receptor types, each with three subtypes, and describe adrenergic receptors as G-protein coupled. The paper does not establish the claimed counts for dopamine or serotonin receptors, or the 5-HT3 exception. Its α1 subtype list also uses α1C rather than the claim’s α1d; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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1 of the 81 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Cotecchia, S., Exum, S., Caron, M.G., & Lefkowitz, R.J. (1990). Re- gions of the of a l -adrenergic receptor involved in coupling to phos- phatidyl inositol hydrolysis and enhanced sensitivity of biological function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2896-2900.
  2. Emorine, L.J., Marullo, S., Delavier-Klutchko, C., Kaveri, S.V., Durieu- Trautmann, O., & Strosberg, A.D. (1987). Structure of the gene for the human &-adrenergic receptor: Expression and promoter char- acterization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 6995-6999.
  3. Frielle, T., Collins, S., Daniel, K.W., Lefkowitz, R.J., & Kobilka, B.K. (1987). Cloning of the gene for the P1-adrenergic receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7920-7924.
  4. Frielle, T., Daniel, K.W., Caron, M.G., & Lefkowitz, R.J. (1988). Struc- tural basis of 0-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity studied with chimeric PI/P2-adrenergic receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  5. Harrison, J.K., Pearson, W.R., &Lynch, K.R. (1991). Molecular char- 20329-20336. 85, 9494-9498.
  6. Lohse, M.J., Lefkowitz, R.J., Caron, M.G., & Benovic, J.L. (1989). Inhibition of P-adrenergic receptor kinase prevents rapid homolo- gous desensitization of &-adrenergic receptors. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 3011-3015.

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Authors
Strosberg, A. D.
Affiliations
Institut Cochin (FR)
Corresponding author
Strosberg, A. D.
Venue
Protein Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-08
Volume
2
Issue
8
Pages
1198-1209
ISSN
  • 0961-8368 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-896X
OpenAlex
W2161939380
Cited by
248
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Protein Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Keywords
adrenergic receptors, alpha1-adrenoceptors, alpha2-adrenoceptors, beta-adrenergic receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, G proteins, adenylate cyclase, phospholipase C, Gi protein, Gs protein, Go protein, receptor subtypes, gene expression regulation, receptor structure and function
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Membrane, Humans, Models, Structural, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Receptors, Adrenergic, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Protein Structure, Secondary

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