Anticancer activities of essential oils constituents and synergy with conventional therapies: A review
Abstract
Many studies have shown that a large number of terpenoids and aromatic compounds contained in essential oils have significant anticancer activities, both on cell lines and on tumors in animals. The activity of these constituents is related to the activation of cell death (apoptosis) induced by the caspases proteins in cancer cells, with minor modifications of healthy cells. Many phenomena seem to occur, among which are as follows: overexpression and regulation of liver detoxification enzymes, changes in the membrane potential of cancer cells and mitochondria, production of free radicals in cancer cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modification of tumor-inducing genes. These active essential oil constituents appear to act synergistically with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and some clinical studies in humans are beginning to be realized. In this review, we discuss about the antitumoral activity of 13 essential oil components selected among the most studied in the literature, with a focus on their possible mode of action. We also report current data on the anticancer properties of several total essential oils.
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β-Caryophyllene has demonstrated antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic-like, and local anesthetic effects and anticancer properties, including against prostate, breast, pancreatic, skin, leukemia, lymphatic, and cervical cancer.
“It has demonstrated antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic-like, and local anesthetic effects and anticancer properties, including against prostate, breast, pancreatic, skin, leukemia, lymphatic, and cervical cancer [11,14,21,37,38,39,40,41].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
β-Caryophyllene decreases cell growth and proliferation in colon cancer, interferes with the stages of tumor development, and reduces the activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases.
“These studies suggest that β-caryophyllene decreases cell growth and proliferation in colon cancer, interfering with the stages of tumor development and reducing the activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
β-Caryophyllene can act as a chemosensitizer, improving the effectiveness of drugs against tumor cells.
“β-Caryophyllene can act as a chemosensitizer, improving the effectiveness of drugs against tumor cells [37,38,40].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
β-Caryophyllene is effective against Anopheles subpictus (LC50 = 41.66 μg/mL), Aedes albopictus (LC50 = 44.77 μg/mL), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 48.17 μg/mL).
“It is also effective against Anopheles subpictus (LC50 = 41.66 μg/mL), Aedes albopictus (LC50 = 44.77 μg/mL), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 48.17 μg/mL).”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
α-Humulene has shown anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity in lung, colon, prostate, and breast cancer.
“This compound has shown anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity in lung, colon, prostate, and breast cancer.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
α-Humulene demonstrated antiproliferative activity and alteration of the mitochondrial cell membrane in colon cancer cells.
“Some studies reported that α-humulene demonstrated antiproliferative activity and alteration of the mitochondrial cell membrane in colon cancer cells [14,37,42,43,44,45,46].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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Haro-González, J. N., Castillo-Herrera, G. A., Martínez-Velázquez, M., & Espinosa-Andrews, H. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26216387 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lesgards, J., Baldovini, N., Vidal, N., & Pietri, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Lesgards, Jean‐François
- Venue
- Phytotherapy Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-05-16
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1423-1446
- ISSN
- 0951-418X (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1573
- OpenAlex
- W1496088695
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 183
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytotherapy Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Ipsen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Keywords
- essential oils, anticancer activity, terpenoids, apoptosis, caspases, chemotherapy synergy, radiotherapy synergy, angiogenesis inhibition, free radicals, mitochondrial membrane potential, detoxification enzymes, tumor suppressor, essential oil constituents
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Drug Synergism, Humans, Membrane Potentials, Neoplasms, Oils, Volatile, Plant Oils, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Caspases, Cell Line, Tumor, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
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