The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The ECMWF implementation of three‐dimensional variational assimilation (3D‐Var). I: Formulation
Abstract
In the first of this set of three papers, the formulation of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) implementation of 3D‐Var is described. In the second, the specification of the structure function is presented, and the last is devoted to the results of the extensive numerical experimentation programme which was conducted. The 3D‐Var formulation uses a spherical‐harmonic expansion, much as the ECMWF optimal interpolation (OI) scheme used an expansion of Bessel functions. This formulation is introduced using a convolution algebra over the sphere expressed directly in spectral space. It is shown that all features of the OI statistical model can be implemented within 3D‐Var. Furthermore, a non‐separable statistical model is described. In the present formulation, geostrophy is accounted for through a Hough‐modes separation of the gravity and Rossby components of the analysis increments. As in OI, the tropical analysis remains essentially non‐divergent and with a weak mass‐wind coupling. The observations used, as well as their specified statistics of errors, are presented, together with some implementation details. In the light of the results, 3D‐Var was implemented operationally at the end of January 1996.
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Citations
Cites
Handbook of Mathematical Functions
McQuarrie, D. A. (1966) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1972842 · Cited by 40,433
The National Meteorological Center's Spectral Statistical-Interpolation Analysis System
Parrish, D. F., & Derber, J. C. (1992) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1747:tnmcss>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,086
Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions
Gaspari, G., & Cohn, S. E. (1999) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712555417 · Cited by 1,965
A strategy for operational implementation of 4D‐Var, using an incremental approach
Courtier, P., Thépaut, J. ‐., & Hollingsworth, A. (1994) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712051912 · Cited by 1,612
Self-citationAnalysis methods for numerical weather prediction
Lorenc, A. C. (1986) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49711247414 · Cited by 1,510
Talagrand, O., & Courtier, P. (1987) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49711347812 · Cited by 997
Self-citationObjective Analysis of Meteorological Fields
Gandin, L. S. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 826
Ide, K., Courtier, P., Ghil, M., & Lorenc, A. C. (1997) · Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II · doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.75.1b_181 · Cited by 821
Self-citationSome numerical experiments with variable-storage quasi-Newton algorithms
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Cited by
The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.828 · Cited by 24,480
Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability
Kalnay, E. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802270 · Cited by 3,391
Impact of ERS scatterometer winds in ECMWF’s assimilation system.
Isaksen, L., & Janssen, P. A. E. M. (2004) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1256/qj.03.110 · Cited by 54
Metadata
- Authors
- Courtier, P., Andersson, E., Heckley, W., Vasiljevic, D., Hamrud, M., Hollingsworth, A., Rabier, F., Fisher, M., & Pailleux, J.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 550
- Pages
- 1783-1807
- ISSN
- 0035-9009 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-870X
- OpenAlex
- W2104355414
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 18.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Courtier, P., Andersson, E., Heckley, W., Vasiljevic, D., Hamrud, M., Hollingsworth, A., Rabier, F., Fisher, M., & Pailleux, J. (1998). The ECMWF implementation of three‐dimensional variational assimilation (3D‐Var). I: Formulation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712455002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
