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Cited by 123Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality ControlStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyStatistical Distribution Estimation and Applications

A comparison of goodness of fit tests for age‐related reference ranges

Pan, H., Cole, T. J.·2004·Statistics in Medicine
DOI 10.1002/sim.1692
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Abstract

Age‐related reference ranges based on cubic spline or kernel‐based smoothing methods lack a parametric framework with which to assess goodness of fit, as the distribution of the log‐likelihood ratio comparing models with different degrees of smoothing is not known in general. Several methods have been proposed to assess goodness of fit in this case: Healy's grid test, Royston's Q tests and van Buuren's worm plot. Here we compare the performance of the various methods, including an extension of the Q tests, and show how they can be used, with other information including the appearance of the fitted curves, to inform the choice of model for age‐related reference ranges of height and weight in a large Dutch data set. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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  • Model fit was examined using residual plots, normal score plots and worm plots, and models were refitted to achieve acceptable fit, prioritising avoidance of over-fitting over improving goodness of fit.

    “Model fit was examined using techniques described previously [25], including residual plots, normal score plots and worm plots. To achieve an acceptable fit, models were successively refitted adjusting the smoothing spline degrees of freedom. If the kurtosis function was largely flat the model was compared to the simpler BCCG model. Avoiding over-fitting was prioritised over improving goodness of”

    From Growth standard charts for monitoring bodyweight in dogs of different sizes (2017) · cites this paper as [25]

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Authors
Pan, H., & Cole, T. J.
Affiliations
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Pan, H.
ORCID
Cole, T. J.
Venue
Statistics in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-05-18
Volume
23
Issue
11
Pages
1749-1765
ISSN
  • 0277-6715 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0258
DOI
10.1002/sim.1692
OpenAlex
W2028224367
Cited by
123
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
1.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Statistics in Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Keywords
goodness-of-fit tests, age-related reference values, nonparametric smoothing, cubic spline smoothing, kernel smoothing, model selection, height, weight
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Models, Biological, Reference Values, Models, Statistical

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