The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changing generic strategies: Likelihood, direction, and performance implications
Abstract
This study argues for greater research attention to the issue of changing generic strategies over time. The study proposes two sources of theoretical tension relating to changing strategies: (1) the notion of equally viable generic strategies versus particularly appropriate strategy/environment combinations, and (2) the relative influence of process (ability to change strategies) versus content (desire to change strategies) issues. Questions relating to these tensions are then examined empirically in an industry‐specific analysis of the likelihood, direction, and performance implications of an organization'S changing its strategy in response to an environmental shift. The findings suggest that changes in generic strategy are not rare, and that organizations do not perceive generic strategies to be equally viable in different environments across time. Performance differences were also found across generic strategies, but not between firms that changed their strategy versus those that did not.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Herne, H., Cooley, W. W., & Lohnes, P. R. (1973) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344428 · Cited by 35,697
(2010) · Cited by 24,023
O'fallon, W. M. (1973) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1973.10489095 · Cited by 6,289
Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice
Child, J. (1972) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857200600101 · Cited by 4,790
Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process
Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., & Coleman, H. J. (1978) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1978.4305755 · Cited by 4,527
The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise
Hansmann, H. B. (1980) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/796089 · Cited by 2,545
Adapting to Environmental Jolts
Meyer, A. D. (1982) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392528 · Cited by 1,909
Dess, G. G., & Davis, P. S. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256040 · Cited by 1,497
House, R. J., Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1984) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258499 · Cited by 1,438
Strategy, Distinctive Competence, and Organizational Performance
Snow, C. C., & Hrebiniak, L. G. (1980) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392457 · Cited by 1,346
Cited by
Building Better Causal Theories: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organization Research
Fiss, P. C. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.60263120 · Cited by 5,930
Typologies as a Unique Form of Theory Building: Toward Improved Understanding and Modeling
Doty, D. H., & Glick, W. H. (1994) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1994.9410210748 · Cited by 1,716
COLLABORATION IN THE BOARDROOM: BEHAVIORAL AND PERFORMANCE CONSEQUENCES OF CEO-BOARD SOCIAL TIES.
Westphal, J. D. (1999) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256871 · Cited by 1,208
FIT, EQUIFINALITY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A TEST OF TWO CONFIGURATIONAL THEORIES.
DOTY, D. H., GLICK, W. H., & HUBER, G. P. (1993) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256810 · Cited by 1,198
Alignment Between Business and IS Strategies: A Study of Prospectors, Analyzers, and Defenders
Sabherwal, R., & Chan, Y. E. (2001) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.12.1.11.9714 · Cited by 1,114
Metadata
- Authors
- Zajac, E. J., & Shortell, S. M.
- Venue
- Strategic Management Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 413-430
- ISSN
- 0143-2095 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0266
- OpenAlex
- W2111751266
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 61.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Changing generic strategies: Likelihood, direction, and performance implications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/smj.4250100503
- The paper
- Zajac, E. J., & Shortell, S. M. (1989). Changing generic strategies: Likelihood, direction, and performance implications. Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100503
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.