The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Behavior and Toxicity of Graphene and Its Functionalized Derivatives in Biological Systems
Abstract
Graphene, as a class of 2D carbon nanomaterial, has attracted tremendous interest in different areas in recent years including biomedicine. The toxicity and behavior of graphene in biological systems are thus important fundamental issues that require significant attention. In this article, the toxicity of graphene is reviewed by describing the behavior of graphene and its derivatives in microorganisms, cells, and animals. Despite certain inconsistencies in several detailed experimental results and hypotheses of toxicity mechanisms, results from numerous reports all agree that the physicochemical properties such as surface functional groups, charges, coatings, sizes, and structural defects of graphene may affect its in vitro/in vivo behavior as well as its toxicity in biological systems. It is hoped that this review article will provide an overview understanding of the impacts, behavior, and toxicology of graphene and its derivatives in various biological systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Geim, A. K., & Novoselov, K. S. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1849 · Cited by 39,979
Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells
Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., Jaiswal, R. K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J. D., Moorman, M. A., Simonetti, D. W., Craig, S., & Marshak, D. R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.143 · Cited by 21,052
Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification
Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 · Cited by 13,915
Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction
Apel, K., & Hirt, H. (2004) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701 · Cited by 11,723
Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases
Davis, R. J. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00116-1 · Cited by 4,237
Factors affecting the clearance and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles
Alexis, F., Pridgen, E., Molnar, L. K., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2008) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp800051m · Cited by 3,699
PEGylated Nanographene Oxide for Delivery of Water-Insoluble Cancer Drugs
Liu, Z., Robinson, J. T., Sun, X., & Dai, H. (2008) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja803688x · Cited by 3,589
Self-citationGraphene oxide as a chemically tunable platform for optical applications
Loh, K. P., Bao, Q., Eda, G., & Chhowalla, M. (2010) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.907 · Cited by 3,340
Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery
Sun, X., Liu, Z., Welsher, K., Robinson, J. T., Goodwin, A., Zaric, S., & Dai, H. (2008) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-008-8021-8 · Cited by 3,291
Self-citationLiu, S., Zeng, T. H., Hofmann, M., Burcombe, E., Wei, J., Jiang, R., Kong, J., & Chen, Y. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn202451x · Cited by 2,929
Cited by
Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
Ou, L., Song, B., Liang, H., Liu, J., Feng, X., Deng, B., Sun, T., & Shao, L. (2016) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y · Cited by 803
Carbon-based nanomaterials as an emerging platform for theranostics
Patel, K. D., Singh, R. K., & Kim, H.-W. (2019) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/c8mh00966j · Cited by 555
Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug and/or gene delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering
Zhao, H., Ding, R., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Qu, L., Pei, H., Yildirimer, L., Wu, Z., & Zhang, W. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.002 · Cited by 336
Self-citationGraphene-based magnetic plasmonic nanocomposite for dual bioimaging and photothermal therapy
Shi, X., Gong, H., Li, Y., Wang, C., Cheng, L., & Liu, Z. (2013) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.023 · Cited by 314
Self-citationEnhanced Osteogenesis by Reduced Graphene Oxide/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites
Lee, J. H., Shin, Y. C., Lee, S.-M., Jin, O. S., Kang, S. H., Hong, S. W., Jeong, C.-M., Huh, J. B., & Han, D.-W. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18833 · Cited by 258
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, K., Li, Y., Tan, X., Peng, R., & Liu, Z.
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-09-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9-10
- Pages
- 1492-1503
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- OpenAlex
- W2172255777
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 112
- FWCI
- 18.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Behavior and Toxicity of Graphene and Its Functionalized Derivatives in Biological Systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/smll.201201417
- The paper
- Yang, K., Li, Y., Tan, X., Peng, R., & Liu, Z. (2013). Behavior and Toxicity of Graphene and Its Functionalized Derivatives in Biological Systems. Small. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201417
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
