Island‐in‐Sea Structured Pt3Fe Nanoparticles‐in‐Fe Single Atoms Loaded in Carbon Materials as Superior Electrocatalysts toward Alkaline HER and Acidic ORR
Abstract
In this work, Pt 3 Fe nanoparticles (Pt 3 Fe NPs) with the ordered internal structure and Pt‐rich shells surrounded by plenty of Fe single atoms (Fe SAs) as active species (Pt 3 Fe NP‐in‐Fe SA) loaded in the carbon materials are successfully fabricated, which are abbreviated as island‐in‐sea structured (IISS) Pt 3 Fe NP‐in‐Fe SA catalysts. Moreover, the synergistic effect of O‐bridging between Pt 3 Fe NPs and Fe SAs, and the ordered internal structured Pt 3 Fe NPs with Pt‐rich shells of an optimal thickness contributes to the achievement of the local acidic environments on the surfaces of Pt 3 Fe NPs in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the enhancement of the desorption rate of *OH intermediate in the acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, the electronic interactions between Pt 3 Fe NPs and dispersed Fe SAs cannot only provide efficient electrons transfer, but also prevent the aggregation and dissolution of Pt 3 Fe NPs. Furthermore, the overpotential and the half wave potential of the as‐prepared IISS Pt 3 Fe NP‐in‐Fe SA catalysts toward the alkaline HER and toward the acidic ORR are 8 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 0.933 V, respectively, which is 29 lower and 86 mV higher than those (37 mV and 0.847 V) of commercial Pt/C catalysts.
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N4-Fe-O-Pt species are easily formed under the synthetic conditions used for the CS and HDS catalysts.
“This is because both Pt and Fe metallic elements are present in these two catalysts, and N4–Fe–O–Pt species are easily formed under our synthetic conditions, as supported by the results reported in our previous work.29,30”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
The Pt atomic shells in the Pt3Fe@Pt NPs can inhibit the leaching of Fe from the NPs, thus improving both their electrocatalytic activity and durability.
“In addition, the Pt atomic shells in the Pt3Fe@Pt NPs can also inhibit the leaching of Fe from the NPs, thus improving both their electrocatalytic activity and durability.30,36–39”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
In alkaline CO stripping voltammograms, the commercial Pt/C catalyst shows a single main peak accompanied by a weak shoulder peak in the high potential region (~0.799 V).
“a single main peak accompanied by a weak shoulder peak in the high potential region (∼0.799 V) is observed in the CO stripping curve of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (Fig. 3a and S14A).30,58”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
The presence of four characteristic diffraction peaks marked with purple diamonds indicates the formation of an ordered L12 structure.
“In addition, the presence of four characteristic diffraction peaks marked with purple diamonds indicates the formation of an ordered L12 structure (Fig. 2 and S11a).29,30,40–44”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
The excellent stability of the as-prepared CS Pt3Fe@Pt NP-O-A-Fe SA/C catalyst is likely attributed to O-bridging structures (N4-Fe-O-Pt units) on the surface of Pt3Fe@Pt NPs, which suppress the formation of Pt-O species at high potentials and inhibit the agglomeration and dissolution of Pt3Fe NPs.
“This is likely attributed to the presence of O-bridging structures (N4–Fe–O–Pt units) on the surface of Pt3Fe@Pt NPs, which not only can suppress the formation of Pt–O species at high potentials, but also can inhibit the agglomeration and dissolution of Pt3Fe NPs.”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
The alkaline HER process catalyzed by the as-prepared CS Pt3Fe@Pt NP-O-A-Fe SA/C catalyst may follow the Volmer-Tafel mechanism that usually occurs during acidic HER.
“The alkaline HER process catalyzed by the as-prepared CS Pt3Fe@Pt NP–O–A–Fe SA/C catalyst may follow the Volmer-Tafel mechanism that usually occurs during acidic HER.”
From Tuning the local environment of atomic Pt shells of Pt <sub>3</sub> Fe@Pt nanoparticles enables energy-saving hydrogen production (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
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References 124 · Cited by 32
- Authors
- Sun, B., Lv, H., Xu, Q., Tong, P., Qiao, P., Tian, H., & Xia, H.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Qiao, Panzhe
- Tian, He
- Xia, Haibing
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-04-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- e2400240-e2400240
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- OpenAlex
- W4394622730
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Small (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (22072076, 21773142)
- Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (tstp20221106)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- Fe single atoms, carbon-supported electrocatalysts, alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
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