Effect of Cross‐linking with Epichlorohydrin on the Properties of Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) Starch

Abstract

Cassava starch was cross‐linked with epichlorohydrin (EPI) at 45°C for 2 h in three different media which include water, water in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) and N , N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The products were characterized by determining their physicochemical, thermal and retrogradation properties. In aqueous medium, the use of a PTC, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) produced derivatives with higher degree of cross‐linking than those prepared without the use of the catalyst. The degree of cross‐linking was found to be higher using the same concentration of EPI when the reaction was carried out in DMF. At low levels of cross‐linking, the peak viscosity of the cross‐linked starches increased in comparison to that of the native starch. With increasing degree of cross‐linking, the peak viscosity showed a significant reduction. The swelling volume, solubility and light transmittance of the starch pastes were lower for the modified starches. The cross‐linked starches showed slightly reduced values for the gelatinization temperatures, T onset , T peak and T end . The enthalpy of gelatinization of the modified starches increased with increase in the degree of cross‐linking. The modified starches exhibited higher water‐binding capacities (WBC) than the native starch; but with increase in the degree of cross‐linking, there was a gradual decrease in WBC. The in vitro alpha amylase digestibility of the modified starches decreased gradually with increase in the level of cross‐linking.