Establishment of green graphite industry: Graphite from biomass and its various applications
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Abstract Resource‐ and energy‐efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study investigated green graphite production from biomass waste and its applications to establish a green graphite industry. Biomass pyrolysis and catalytic graphitization of biochar were studied first to produce green graphite. The optimized green graphite exhibited a reversible capacity of 264 mA h/g and 97% capacity retention over 100 cycles in a half‐cell. Green graphite electrodes with a resistivity lower than 5 μΩ m were fabricated by using organic fraction bio‐oil as a green binder. Other green graphite applications, including printing, conductive printing, pencils, and refractories, were also achieved. The overall process of graphite anode and electrode synthesis from biomass waste and short‐rotation energy crops was modeled. Approx. 95 kg of battery graphite or 109 kg of metallurgical graphite electrodes can be produced per ton of biomass with low primary energy consumption and carbon footprint. Prominently, the modeling result and life cycle assessment demonstrated that, for the production of battery graphite from biomass waste, net‐negative‐CO2 emissions (−0.57 kg CO2‐eq/kg graphite powders) with net‐negative‐primary energy consumption (−28.31 MJ/kg graphite powders) was achieved.
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Catalytic graphitization of biochar, obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass waste or energy crops, has shown GHG emissions intensities between 1.2 and 3.5 kg CO2-equiv kg-1 battery-grade graphite.
“Catalytic graphitization of biochar, obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass waste or energy crops, has shown GHG emissions intensities between 1.2 and 3.5 kg CO2-equiv kg 1 battery-grade graphite. 91,92”
From Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw materials supply chain (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
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Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw materials supply chain
Istrate, R., Mas-Fons, A., Beylot, A., Northey, S., Vaidya, K., Sonnemann, G., Kleijn, R., & Steubing, B. (2024) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shi, Z., Wang, S., Jin, Y., Zhao, L., Chen, S., Yang, H., Cui, Y., Svanberg, R., Tang, C., Jiang, J., Yang, W., Jönsson, P. G., & Han, T.
- Affiliations
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (SE)
- Nanjing Forestry University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Han, Tong
- ORCID
- Venue
- SusMat
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 402-415
- ISSN
- 2692-4552 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4380486375
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- SusMat (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Energimyndigheten (2021-00048)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Keywords
- biochar, catalytic graphitization, biomass pyrolysis, battery anodes, graphite electrodes, pencil graphite, refractories, carbon footprint, life cycle assessment, energy consumption, CO2 emissions
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