Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,311

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Applying the right statistics: analyses of measurement studies

Open access
Bland, J. M., Altman, D. G.·2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology

Abstract

The study of measurement error, observer variation and agreement between different methods of measurement are frequent topics in the imaging literature. We describe the problems of some applications of correlation and regression methods to these studies, using recent examples from this literature. We use a simulated example to show how these problems and misinterpretations arise. We describe the 95% limits of agreement approach and a similar, appropriate, regression technique. We discuss the difference vs. mean plot, and the pitfalls of plotting difference against one variable only. We stress that these are questions of estimation, not significance tests, and show how confidence intervals can be found for these estimates. Copyright © 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/uog.122

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 18 references

Cited by

See all 1,311

Metadata

Authors
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G.
Venue
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-05-09
Volume
22
Issue
1
Pages
85-93
ISSN
  • 0960-7692 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-0705
OpenAlex
W2127367027
Cited by
1,311
References
18
FWCI
43.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Applying the right statistics: analyses of measurement studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/uog.122
The paper
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Applying the right statistics: analyses of measurement studies. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.122

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.