Toward ubiquitous blood pressure monitoring via pulse transit time: Theory and practice
Open accessAbstract
Ubiquitous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is needed to improve hypertension detection and control and is becoming feasible due to recent technological advances such as in wearable sensing. Pulse transit time (PTT) represents a well-known potential approach for ubiquitous BP monitoring. The goal of this review is to facilitate the achievement of reliable ubiquitous BP monitoring via PTT. We explain the conventional BP measurement methods and their limitations; present models to summarize the theory of the PTT-BP relationship; outline the approach while pinpointing the key challenges; overview the previous work toward putting the theory to practice; make suggestions for best practice and future research; and discuss realistic expectations for the approach.
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Models that require a single calibration cuff measurement are convenient but potentially less accurate than those that use multiple measurements to form a patient-specific calibration curve.
“Models that require a single calibration cuff measurement are convenient but potentially less accurate than those that use multiple measurements to form a patient-specific calibration curve”
From Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Pulse wave propagation delay between the genders indicates baseline differences in arterial stiffness with women displaying lower degrees of pulse arrival latency delay indicating higher vascular stiffness.
“Pulse wave propagation delay between the genders indicates baseline differences in arterial stiffness with women displaying lower degrees of pulse arrival latency delay indicating higher vascular stiffness [106,107].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [106]
New devices that promise to change the current paradigm of hypertension monitoring use either inflating wristband cuffs or optical pulse wave-based metrics of BP.
“New devices that promise to change the current paradigm of hypertension monitoring use either inflating wristband cuffs (e.g., Omron HeartGuide, currently undergoing clinical testing) or optical pulse wave-based metrics of BP [75,76].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Mukkamala, R., Hahn, J.-O., Inan, O. T., Mestha, L. K., Kim, C.-S., Toreyin, H., & Kyal, S.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Palo Alto Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mukkamala, Ramakrishna
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1879-1901
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2531
- PMC
- PMC4515215
- OpenAlex
- W2294418644
- Cited by
- 935
- References
- 212
- Citations by year
- 2026: 92 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 34.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health (U01 EB018818)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- blood pressure monitoring, pulse transit time, ubiquitous health monitoring, wearable sensors, hypertension detection, non-invasive blood pressure estimation
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Clothing, Equipment Design, Humans, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Pulse Wave Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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