The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Statistics Notes: Some examples of regression towards the mean
Open accessAbstract
We have previously shown that regression towards the mean occurs whenever we select an extreme group based on one variable and then measure another variable for that group (4 June, p 1499).1 The second group mean will be closer to the mean for all subjects than is the first, and the weaker the correlation between the two variables the bigger the effect will be. Regression towards the mean happens in many types of study. The study of heredity1 is just one. Once one becomes aware of the regression effect it seems to be everywhere. The following are just a few examples. Treatment to reduce high levels of a measurement - In clinical practice there are many measurements, such as weight, serum cholesterol concentration, or blood pressure, for which particularly high or low values are signs of underlying disease or risk factors for disease. People with extreme values of the measurement, such as high blood pressure, may be treated to bring their values closer to the mean. If they are measured again we will observe that the mean of the extreme group is now closer to the mean of the whole population - that is, it …
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965
Self-citationStatistic Notes: Regression towards the mean
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6942.1499 · Cited by 547
Self-citation
Cited by
Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements
Vickers, A. J., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123 · Cited by 2,116
Self-citationRegression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it
Barnett, A. G. (2004) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh299 · Cited by 1,988
Lung-Function Trajectories Leading to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Lange, P., Celli, B., Agustí, A., Boje Jensen, G., Divo, M., Faner, R., Guerra, S., Marott, J. L., Martinez, F. D., Martinez-Camblor, P., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411532 · Cited by 1,284
Delgado-Rodríguez, M., & Llorca, J. (2004) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2003.008466 · Cited by 1,064
The Use and Interpretation of Quasi-Experimental Studies in Medical Informatics
Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m1749 · Cited by 1,023
Metadata
- Authors
- Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1994-09-24
- Volume
- 309
- Issue
- 6957
- Pages
- 780
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W1620383244
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Statistics Notes: Some examples of regression towards the mean. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/bmj.309.6957.780
- The paper
- Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1994). Statistics Notes: Some examples of regression towards the mean. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6957.780
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.