The DOI matches its Crossref record; 151 of the 151 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum
Open accessAbstract
Agricultural, urban and industrial activities have dramatically increased aquatic nitrogen and phosphorus pollution (eutrophication), threatening water quality and biotic integrity from headwater streams to coastal areas world‐wide. Eutrophication creates multiple problems, including hypoxic “dead zones” that reduce fish and shellfish production; harmful algal blooms that create taste and odor problems and threaten the safety of drinking water and aquatic food supplies; stimulation of greenhouse gas releases; and degradation of cultural and social values of these waters. Conservative estimates of annual costs of eutrophication have indicated $1 billion losses for European coastal waters and $2.4 billion for lakes and streams in the United States. Scientists have debated whether phosphorus, nitrogen, or both need to be reduced to control eutrophication along the freshwater to marine continuum, but many management agencies worldwide are increasingly opting for dual control. The unidirectional flow of water and nutrients through streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and ultimately coastal oceans adds additional complexity, as each of these ecosystems may be limited by different factors. Consequently, the reduction of just one nutrient upstream to control eutrophication can allow the export of other nutrients downstream where they may stimulate algal production. The technology exists for controlling eutrophication, but many challenges remain for understanding and managing this global environmental problem. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Water Quality Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis
Assessment, M. E. (2005) · Island Press · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18167309 · Cited by 10,665
Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems
Diaz, R. J., & Rosenberg, R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1156401 · Cited by 6,626
Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., & Smith, V. H. (1998) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:nposww]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 6,099
Elser, J. J., Bracken, M. E. S., Cleland, E. E., Gruner, D. S., Harpole, W. S., Hillebrand, H., Ngai, J. T., Seabloom, E. W., Shurin, J. B., & Smith, J. E. (2007) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01113.x · Cited by 4,574
A trophic state index for lakes1
Carlson, R. E. (1977) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1977.22.2.0361 · Cited by 4,311
Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Conley, D. J., Paerl, H. W., Howarth, R. W., Boesch, D. F., Seitzinger, S. P., Havens, K. E., Lancelot, C., & Likens, G. E. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167755 · Cited by 3,905
Self-citationDeclining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters
Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam7240 · Cited by 3,253 · cited 1×
“These “dead zones” impact coastal zones over wide areas (Breitburg et al., 2018; Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008).”
BackgroundHarmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences
Anderson, D. M., Glibert, P. M., & Burkholder, J. M. (2002) · Estuaries · doi:10.1007/bf02804901 · Cited by 2,965
Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd, P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., et al. (2013) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1765 · Cited by 2,236
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms: Causes, Consequences, and Controls
Paerl, H. W., & Otten, T. G. (2013) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-012-0159-y · Cited by 1,902
Self-citation
Cited by
The Globalization of Cultural Eutrophication in the Coastal Ocean: Causes and Consequences
Malone, T. C., & Newton, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00670 · Cited by 531
Getahun, S., Kefale, H., & Gelaye, Y. (2024) · The Scientific World Journal · doi:10.1155/2024/2126734 · Cited by 414
Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., et al. (2021) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x · Cited by 225
Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation and the management of small productive lakes
Maberly, S. C., Pitt, J.-A., Davies, P. S., & Carvalho, L. (2020) · Inland Waters · doi:10.1080/20442041.2020.1714384 · Cited by 125
Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater: The Potential Use of Biochar and the Key Controlling Factors
Nobaharan, K., Bagheri Novair, S., Asgari Lajayer, B., & van Hullebusch, E. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13040517 · Cited by 126
Metadata
- Authors
- Wurtsbaugh, W. A., Paerl, H. W., & Dodds, W. K.
- Venue
- WIREs Water
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-08-15
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 2049-1948 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2967895093
- Cited by
- 1,107
- References
- 151
- FWCI
- 31.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/wat2.1373
- The paper
- Wurtsbaugh, W. A., Paerl, H. W., & Dodds, W. K. (2019). Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum. WIREs Water. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1373
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
