Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters
Open accessAbstract
Beneath the waves, oxygen disappears: As plastic waste pollutes the oceans and fish stocks decline, unseen below the surface another problem grows: deoxygenation. Breitburg et al. review the evidence for the downward trajectory of oxygen levels in increasing areas of the open ocean and coastal waters. Rising nutrient loads coupled with climate change—each resulting from human activities—are changing ocean biogeochemistry and increasing oxygen consumption. This results in destabilization of sediments and fundamental shifts in the availability of key nutrients. In the short term, some compensatory effects may result in improvements in local fisheries, such as in cases where stocks are squeezed between the surface and elevated oxygen minimum zones. In the longer term, these conditions are unsustainable and may result in ecosystem collapses, which ultimately will cause societal and economic harm. Science , this issue p. eaam7240
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As climate change accelerates, earlier onset and later termination of hypoxic conditions and latitudinal expansions may make co-occurrence of HABs and hypoxia more common.
“As climate change accelerates, an earlier onset and later termination of hypoxic conditions along with latitudinal expansions (Breitburg et al., 2018), may also make the co-occurrence of HABs and hypoxia more common.”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Breitburg et al., 2018
The ‘Climate change in coastal waters’ section says higher air temperatures can cause earlier onset and longer durations of hypoxia in eutrophic systems, broadly supporting the seasonal-timing claim. The paper also describes expansion of low-oxygen areas, but the passages found do not establish specifically latitudinal expansion of hypoxic conditions or explicitly predict later termination. The proposed increase in HAB–hypoxia co-occurrence is the citing authors’ inference, not the part directly attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe interactive effects between HABs and hypoxia are relatively unknown.
“Despite the awareness of ocean deoxygenation as an emergent climate change stressor (Levin and Breitburg, 2015;Breitburg et al., 2018), the interactive effects between HABs and hypoxia are relatively unknown.”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Breitburg et al., 2018
Climate change likely contributes to coastal warming and dissolved oxygen declines because shallow bathymetries and complex topographies can lead to rapid warming and shifts in watershed processes accelerate dissolved oxygen declines in many regions.
“Climate change likely contributes to these trends as the shallow bathymetries and complex topographies can lead to rapid warming (Scanes et al., 2020), and shifts in watershed processes (e.g.nutrient delivery) accelerate DO declines in many regions (Breitburg et al., 2018;Howarth et al., 2011).”
From Warming and hypoxia reduce the performance and survival of northern bay scallops (<i>Argopecten irradians irradians</i>) amid a fishery collapse (2023) · cites this paper as Breitburg et al., 2018
Large amounts of organic matter associated with algal blooms can stimulate microbial respiration that depletes dissolved oxygen and produces CO2, promoting hypoxia and acidification.
“Large amounts of organic matter associated with algal blooms can stimulate microbial respiration that depletes dissolved oxygen and produces CO 2 , promoting hypoxia (Fig. 1; Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008;Gilbert et al., 2010;Breitburg et al., 2018) and acidification (Fig. 1; Cai et al., 2011;Waldbusser et al., 2011;Wallace et al., 2014;Baumann et al., 2015).”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Breitburg et al., 2018
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GOODAY, A. J., Bett, B. J., Escobar-Briones, E. G., Ingole, B., Levin, L. A., Neira, C., Raman, A. V., & Sellanes, J. (2010) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00348.x · Cited by 166 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Biodiversity, eukaryotic biomass, andenergy-intensiveecologicalinteractionssuchaspredationarereduced( 17 – 19 ), and energy is increasingly transferred to microbes ( 3 , 16 ).”
Self-citationTiano, L., García‐Robledo, E., Dalsgaard, T., Devol, A. H., Ward, B. B., Ulloa, O., Canfield, D. E., & Revsbech, N. P. (2014) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.10.001 · Cited by 163 · cited 2× · see citing works
“High-resolutionmeasurementshaverevealedthe small-scalepatchinessofoxygen-sensitiveprocess-esinspaceandtime( 99 , 106 ) and have provided new insight into the biogeochemistry of OMZs ( 98 ).”
Ecosystem impacts of hypoxia: thresholds of hypoxia and pathways to recovery
Steckbauer, A., Duarte, C. M., Carstensen, J., Vaquer‐Sunyer, R., & Conley, D. J. (2011) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/025003 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationUndocumented water column sink for cadmium in open ocean oxygen-deficient zones
Janssen, D. J., Conway, T. M., John, S. G., Christian, J. R., Kramer, D. I., Pedersen, T. F., & Cullen, J. T. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1402388111 · Cited by 154 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cadmium,copper,andzinc form sulfide precipitates in the presence of anoxic or extremely oxygen-deficient waters and sulfides ( 97 ).”
Mismatch between observed and modeled trends in dissolved upper-ocean oxygen over the last 50 yr
Stramma, L., Oschlies, A., & Schmidtko, S. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-4045-2012 · Cited by 154 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, there is little agreement among models about the spatial distribution of futurelow-oxygenzoneshaving 100 m molO 2 kg − 1 ( 113 ) or the spatial patterns of O 2 changes that have occurred over the past several decades ( 40 ).”
Self-citationMassive nitrous oxide emissions from the tropical South Pacific Ocean
Arévalo-Martínez, D. L., Kock, A., Löscher, C. R., Schmitz, R. A., & Bange, H. W. (2015) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2469 · Cited by 153 · cited 2× · see citing works
“High-resolutionmeasurementshaverevealedthe small-scalepatchinessofoxygen-sensitiveprocess-esinspaceandtime( 99 , 106 ) and have provided new insight into the biogeochemistry of OMZs ( 98 ).”
Tracking Baltic hypoxia and cod migration over millennia with natural tags
Limburg, K. E., Olson, C., Walther, Y., Dale, D. S., Slomp, C. P., & Høie, H. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1100684108 · Cited by 145 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…to scaling employ a suite of methods ranging from detailed mechanistic studies to large-scale field efforts, as wellasnew and increasingly sophisticated analyses and modeling tools that address spatial processes ( 120 ), temporal fluctuations ( 121 , 122 ), and the role of co-occurring stressors.”
Self-citationHuman‐induced marine ecological degradation: micropaleontological perspectives
Yasuhara, M., Hunt, G., Breitburg, D. L., Tsujimoto, A., & Katsuki, K. (2012) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.425 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Paleoecologicalapproaches are critical for gaining a long-term perspective beyond the time scale of biological and oceano-graphic observation ( 94 , 124 ).”
Self-citationLinking coasts and seas to address ocean deoxygenation
Levin, L. A., & Breitburg, D. L. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2595 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationRapid reorganization in ocean biogeochemistry off Peru towards the end of the Little Ice Age
Gutiérrez, D., Sifeddine, A., Field, D. B., Ortlieb, L., Vargas, G., Chávez, F. P., Velazco, F., Ferreira, J., Tapia, P. M., Salvatteci, R., et al. (2009) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-6-835-2009 · Cited by 142 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Increasedupwell-ingofnutrient-rich,oxygen-depletedwatersfromthe1820stothe20thcenturyhasincreasedpri-mary and fish productivity off the coast of Peru, for example ( 94 ).”
Self-citationTrophic Structure and Community Stability in an Overfished Ecosystem
Utne-Palm, A. C., Salvanes, A. G. V., Currie, B., Kaartvedt, S., Nilsson, G., Braithwaite, V. A., Stecyk, J. A. W., Hundt, M., van der Bank, M. G., Flynn, B., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190708 · Cited by 133 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Metabolicdepres-sion ( 23 , 25 , 28 ) and high H 2 S tolerance ( 24 ) are also key adaptations by organisms to hypoxic and anoxic environments.”
The impact of ocean deoxygenation on iron release from continental margin sediments
Scholz, F., McManus, J., Mix, A. C., Hensen, C., & Schneider, R. R. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2162 · Cited by 131 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The supply of phosphorus and iron released from the sediments is generally enhanced under anoxic conditions ( 109 , 110 ).”
Patterns of deoxygenation: sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic drivers
Oschlies, A., Duteil, O., Getzlaff, J., Koeve, W., Landolfi, A., & Schmidtko, S. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0325 · Cited by 131 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is general agreement between numerical models and observations about the total amount of oxygen loss in the surface ocean (38).”
Self-citationLi, M., Lee, Y., Testa, J. M., Li, Y., Ni, W., Kemp, W. M., & Toro, D. M. D. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2015gl067334 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Rabotyagov, S. S., Campbell, T., White, M. J., Arnold, J. G., Atwood, J. D., Norfleet, M. L., Kling, C. L., Gassman, P. W., Vâlcu, A., Richardson, J. J., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1405837111 · Cited by 121 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Eliminating excess and inefficiently applied fertilizer can reduce costs to farmers ( 128 ) and emissions of N 2 O ( 129 ) and may decrease nitrogen loads to waterways.”
Self-citationDenitrification in the water column of the central Baltic Sea
Dalsgaard, T., Brabandere, L. D., & Hall, P. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.038 · Cited by 120 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similarly enhanced benthic denitrification has been observed at very lowbottom-water oxygen concentrations in eutrophic coastal systems (102, 103) and in the oxycline of the water column, comparable toOMZs (104).”
Gallo, N. D., & Levin, L. A. (2016) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2016.04.001 · Cited by 119 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Metabolicdepres-sion ( 23 , 25 , 28 ) and high H 2 S tolerance ( 24 ) are also key adaptations by organisms to hypoxic and anoxic environments.”
Self-citationWishner, K. F., Gelfman, C., Gowing, M. M., Outram, D. M., Rapien, M., & Williams, R. L. (2008) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Importance of Climate Variability to Wind-Driven Modulation of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay
Scully, M. E. (2010) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/2010jpo4321.1 · Cited by 108 · cited 1× · see citing works
“At larger spatial scales, variations in wind direction and speed (55), precipitation and nutrient loads (56), sea surface temperature (57), and nutrient content of water masses transported into bottom layers of stratified coastal systems contribute to interannual and longer-period variations in hypoxic volume, duratio…”
Open ocean dead zones in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean.
Karstensen, J., Fiedler, B., Schütte, F., Brandt, P., Körtzinger, A., Fischer, G., Zantopp, R., Hahn, J., Visbeck, M., & Wallace, D. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-2597-2015 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Oxygen trends over five decades in the North Atlantic
Stendardo, I., & Gruber, N. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2012jc007909 · Cited by 95 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The discovery of widespread oxygen loss in the open ocean during the past 50 years depended on repeated hydrographic observations that revealed oxygen declines at locations ranging from the northeast Pacific (29) and northern Atlantic (30) to tropical oceans (2).”
Boundaries of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone shaped by coherent mesoscale dynamics
Bettencourt, J. H., López, C., Hernández-Garcı́a, E., Montès, I., Sudre, J., Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., & Garcon, V. C. (2015) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2570 · Cited by 95 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Intheopenocean,infor-mationisneededontransportmechanisms — such as small-scale mixing processes ( 114 ), stirring, and transport by mesoscale structures ( 115 ) — that influence oxygen distributions.”
de Mutsert, K., Steenbeek, J. G., Lewis, K. A., Buszowski, J., Cowan, J. H., & Villy Christensen, A. (2015) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.10.013 · Cited by 94 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…to scaling employ a suite of methods ranging from detailed mechanistic studies to large-scale field efforts, as wellasnew and increasingly sophisticated analyses and modeling tools that address spatial processes ( 120 ), temporal fluctuations ( 121 , 122 ), and the role of co-occurring stressors.”
Climate mediates hypoxic stress on fish diversity and nursery function at the land–sea interface
Hughes, B. B., Levey, M. D., Fountain, M. C., Carlisle, A. B., Chávez, F. P., & Gleason, M. G. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1505815112 · Cited by 84 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Consideration of the effects of early hypoxia exposure on later life stages after organisms migrate to more highly oxygenated habitats can indicate the large spatial scales over which even spatially limited hypoxia canhaveimpacts( 123 ).”
Bohlen, L., Dale, A. W., & Wallmann, K. (2012) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2011gb004198 · Cited by 84 · cited 2× · see citing works
“e; 15 TgN y ) of global benthic denitrification (101).”
Stierhoff, K. L., Targett, T. E., & Power, J. H. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/f09-066 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Does hypoxia have population-level effects on coastal fish? Musings from the virtual world
Rose, K. A., Adamack, A. T., Murphy, C. A., Sable, S. E., Kolesar, S. E., Craig, J. K., Breitburg, D. L., Thomas, P., Brouwer, M. H., Cerco, C. F., et al. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.022 · Cited by 78 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…dependent on aerobic respiration and that exposure to suboptimal oxygen levels leads to a host of negative effects on individuals, identifying effects of expanding de-oxygenation at the scale of populations or fisheries stocks has been difficult, particularly for mobile species ( 52 , 119 ).”
Self-citationSensitivity of simulated extent and future evolution of marine suboxia to mixing intensity
Duteil, O., & Oschlies, A. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2011gl046877 · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In the open ocean, information is needed on transport mechanisms—such as small-scale mixing processes (114), stirring, and transport by mesoscale structures (115)—that influence oxygen distributions.”
Self-citationCapet, A., Beckers, J.-M., & Grégoire, M. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-3943-2013 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationAccurate oxygen measurements on modified A rgo floats using in situ air calibrations
Bushinsky, S. M., Emerson, S., Riser, S. C., & Swift, D. D. (2016) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.1002/lom3.10107 · Cited by 72 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Optical oxygen sensors mounted on Argo floats or gliders cannow use atmospheric oxygen to perform ongoing, in situ calibrations throughout the float ( 116 ) or glider lifetime.”
Projections of oceanic N 2 O emissions in the 21st century using the IPSL Earth system model
Martinez-Rey, J., Bopp, L., Gehlen, M., Tagliabue, A., & Gruber, N. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-4133-2015 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
McCarthy, M. J., Newell, S. E., Carini, S. A., & Gardner, W. S. (2015) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-015-9964-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Isotopic constraints on the pre-industrial oceanic nitrogen budget
Somes, C. J., Oschlies, A., & Schmittner, A. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-5889-2013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiological and ecological implications of ocean deoxygenation for vision in marine organisms
McCormick, L. R., & Levin, L. A. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0322 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Hypoxia effects onvision,afunctionthatishighlyoxygenintensive,maycontributetotheseconstraints,inpartthrough changinglightrequirements( 72 ).”
Self-citationImpacts of Hypoxia on Zooplankton Spatial Distributions in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Roman, M. R., Pierson, J. J., Kimmel, D. G., Boicourt, W. C., & Zhang, X. (2012) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-012-9531-x · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The presence and expansion of low water column oxygen reduces diel migration depths, compressing vertical habitat and shoaling distributions of fishery species and their prey (73-75).”
Self-citationAcidification increases sensitivity to hypoxia in important forage fishes
Miller, S. H., Breitburg, D., Burrell, R. B., & Keppel, A. G. (2016) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps11695 · Cited by 61 · cited 1× · see citing works
“ElevatedCO 2 cansometimesdecreasetheoxygen affinity of respiratory proteins ( 90 ), reduce tolerance to low oxygen by increasing the metabolic cost of maintaining acid-base balance ( 91 ), and reduce responses to low oxygen that would other-wiseincreasesurvival( 92 ).”
Self-citationComparative biogeochemistry–ecosystem–human interactions on dynamic continental margins
Levin, L. A., Liu, K., Emeis, K., Breitburg, D. L., Cloern, J. E., Deutsch, C. A., Giani, M., Goffart, A., Hofmann, E. E., Lachkar, Z., et al. (2014) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationBrewer, P. G., & Peltzer, E. T. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0319 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Decomposition of sinking particles therefore occurs faster, and remineralization of these particles is shifted towards shallower depths (34) resulting in a spatial”
Craig, J. K., & Bosman, S. H. (2012) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-012-9577-9 · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Forpelagic species,habitatcompressioncanincreasevulner-abilitytopredationasanimalsarerestrictedto shallower,better-litwatersandcanincreasevul-nerabilitytofishingbypredictablyaggregating individualsatshallowerorlateraledgesoflow-oxygenzones( 71 , 76 – 78 ).”
Nitrogen stewardship in the Anthropocene
Seitzinger, S. P., & Phillips, L. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao0812 · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…actions benefit from enhanced oxygen and biological monitoring, including access to real-time data that can elicit quick management responses, as well as more synthetic analyses that might reveal spatial and temporal trends. of nitrogen that stimulates primary production in coastal waters ( 130 ).”
Neilan, R. M., & Rose, K. A. (2013) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.11.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationKeppel, A. G., Breitburg, D., Wikfors, G., Burrell, R. B., & Clark, V. (2015) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps11479 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCultural Eutrophication Is Reversible
Hasler, A. D. (1969) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1294478 · Cited by 46 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Sewage discharges have been known to deplete oxygen concentrations in estuaries since at least the late 1800s ( 44 ), and by the mid 1900s the link to agricultural fertilizer runoff was discussed ( 45 ).”
Watson, A. J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaj2321 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Eshleman, K. N., & Sabo, R. D. (2016) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Elusive marine nitrogen fixation
Gruber, N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1603646113 · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This could alter the ocean ’ s nitrogen inventory and,eventually, biologicalpro-duction on millennial time scales if nitrogen losses are not compensated for by increases in nitrogen fixation ( 107 ).”
Sato, K. N., Levin, L., & Schiff, K. (2017) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.08.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationLinking nutrient loading and oxygen in the coastal ocean: A new global scale model
Reed, D. C., & Harrison, J. A. (2016) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2015gb005303 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nam, S., Takeshita, Y., Frieder, C. A., Martz, T. R., & Ballard, J. R. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1002/2015jc010859 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Seibel, B. A. (2012) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.10.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLarsen, M., Lehner, P., Borisov, S. M., Klimant, I., Fischer, J. P., Stewart, F. J., Canfield, D. E., & Glud, R. N. (2016) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.1002/lom3.10126 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The accuracy of autonomous measurements of in situ oxygen concentrations ≤1 mmol kg has been improved by the development of STOX (switchable trace amount oxygen) sensors (117), and novel traceoxygen optical sensors can now provide precise oxygen quantification in OMZs and detect oxygen concentrations as low as ~5 nmol…”
Eilola, K., Almroth‐Rosell, E., & Meier, H. E. M. (2014) · Tellus A Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography · doi:10.3402/tellusa.v66.23985 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Marine species in ambient low‐oxygen regions subject to double jeopardy impacts of climate change
Stortini, C., Chabot, D., & Shackell, N. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13534 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Thomas, P., Rahman, M. S., Picha, M. E., & Tan, W. (2015) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Revisiting the biogeochemistry of arsenic in the Baltic Sea: Impact of anthropogenic activity
Li, L., Pohl, C., Ren, J., Schulz‐Bull, D. E., Cao, X.-H., Nausch, G., & Zhang, J. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.029 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Hypoxia increases conversion of As(V) to the moretoxicAs(III)( 96 ).”
Self-citationSotto, L. P. A., Jacinto, G. S., & Villanoy, C. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.028 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of ocean acidification on the hypoxia tolerance of the woolly sculpin,Clinocottus analis
Hancock, J. R., & Place, S. P. (2016) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/cow040 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Numerical Modeling of Hypoxia and Its Effects: Synthesis and Going Forward
Rose, K. A., Justić, D., Fennel, K., & Hetland, R. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54571-4_15 · Cited by 10 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Reproduction can be impaired by reduced energy allocation to gamete production, as well as interference with gametogenesis, neuroendocrine function, and hormone production, and canultimate-ly affect populations and fisheries ( 65 – 67 ).”
Self-citationRice, M. A. (2015) · Aquacultura Indonesiana · doi:10.21534/ai.v15i1.22 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“MM ON H Aquaculture, in particular, can be a critical intersection between de-oxygenationandsocietaleffectsbecauseaquaculture itself cancause deoxygenation ( 125 ), and animals restrained in nets and cages are unable to escape harmful oxygen conditions.”
Barbero (2014) · doi:10.1016/j · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change
Cavicchioli, R., Ripple, W. J., Timmis, K. N., Azam, F., Bakken, L. R., Baylis, M., Behrenfeld, M. J., Boëtius, A., Boyd, P. W., Classen, A. T., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0222-5 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum
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“These “dead zones” impact coastal zones over wide areas (Breitburg et al., 2018; Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008).”
BackgroundDuarte, C. M., Agustı́, S., Barbier, E. B., Britten, G. L., Castilla, J. C., Gattuso, J., Fulweiler, R. W., Hughes, T. P., Knowlton, N., Lovelock, C. E., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2146-7 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
“Nutrient reduction has the additional benefit of locally reducing coastal acidification 115 and hypoxia 23 directly and indirectly through the recovery of seagrass mead-ows.”
Kwiatkowski, L., Torres, O., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Chamberlain, M., Christian, J. R., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., John, J. G., et al. (2020) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms: Insights and perspective
Gobler, C. J. (2019) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.101731 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
The Biogeochemical Sulfur Cycle of Marine Sediments
Jørgensen, B. B., Findlay, A., & Pellerin, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00849 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Human Health and Ocean Pollution
Landrigan, P. J., Stegeman, J. J., Fleming, L. E., Allemand, D., Anderson, D. M., Backer, L. C., Brücker-Davis, F., Chevalier, N., Corra, L., Czerucka, D., et al. (2020) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.2831 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes
Jane, S. F., Hansen, G. J. A., Kraemer, B. M., Leavitt, P. R., Mincer, J. L., North, R. L., Pilla, R. M., Stetler, J. T., Williamson, C. E., Woolway, R. I., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03550-y · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Self-citationCoastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century
Dai, Y., Yang, S., Zhao, D., Hu, C., Xu, W., Anderson, D. M., Li, Y., Song, X., Boyce, D. G., Gibson, L., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05760-y · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Temperature increase and its effects on fish stress physiology in the context of global warming
Alfonso, S., Gesto, M., & Sadoul, B. C. (2020) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.14599 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems
Griffith, A. W., & Gobler, C. J. (2020) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.008 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
River ecosystem metabolism and carbon biogeochemistry in a changing world
Battin, T. J., Lauerwald, R., Bernhardt, E. S., Bertuzzo, E., Gómez‐Gener, L., Hall, R. O., Hotchkiss, E. R., Maavara, T., Pavelsky, T. M., Ran, L., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century
Li, G., Cheng, L., Zhu, J., Trenberth, K. E., MANN, M. E., & Abraham, J. (2020) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00918-2 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
The Baltic Sea as a time machine for the future coastal ocean
Reusch, T. B. H., Dierking, J., Andersson, H. C., Bonsdorff, E., Carstensen, J., Casini, M., Czajkowski, M., Hasler, B., Hinsby, K., Hyytiäinen, K. P., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar8195 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
“Accordingly, in all but the most drastic nutrient reduction schemes, the oxygen-free zones in the Baltic Sea will expand (9, 84).”
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Hitam, C. N. C., & Jalil, A. A. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110050 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Submarine groundwater discharge impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry
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“Over the last 60 years, DMW has expanded in volume more than fourfold (Schmidtko et al., 2017) because of oceanic warming – reducing oxygen solubility – and eutrophication (reviewed by Breitburg et al., 2018).”
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- Authors
- Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., Jacinto, G. S., Limburg, K. E., Montes, I., Naqvi, S. W. A., Pitcher, G. C., Rabalais, N. N., Roman, M. R., Rose, K. A., Seibel, B. A., Telszewski, M., Yasuhara, M., & Zhang, J.
- Affiliations
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (US)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
- University of Liège (BE)
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
- Lund University (SE)
- CNRS/Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, 31401 Toulouse, CEDEX 9, France.
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (PE)
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (FR)
- University of the Philippines Diliman (PH)
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (US)
- Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Perú.
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KW)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (US)
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg (US)
- Instytut Oceanologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PL)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Breitburg, Denise
- ORCID
- Breitburg, Denise
- Levin, Lisa A.
- Oschlies, Andreas
- Grégoire, Marilaure
- Chavez, Francisco P.
- Conley, Daniel J.
- Gilbert, Denis
- Gutiérrez, Dimitri
- Isensee, Kirsten
- Jacinto, Gil S.
- Limburg, Karin E.
- Montes, Ivonne
- Naqvi, S. W. A.
- Pitcher, Grant C.
- Rabalais, Nancy N.
- Roman, Michael R.
- Rose, Kenneth A.
- Seibel, Brad A.
- Telszewski, Maciej
- Yasuhara, Moriaki
- Zhang, Jing
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 6371
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2781567654
- Cited by
- 3,253
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 402 · 2025: 446 · 2024: 528 · 2023: 449 · 2022: 383 · 2021: 450 · 2020: 281 · 2019: 212 · 2018: 96 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 21.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Smithsonian Digital Repository (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- DFG (SFB754)
- NOAA-CSCOR (NA10NOS4780138)
- Maryland Sea Grant (SA75281450-P)
- NSF-EAR (1324095)
- FNRS and the BENTHOX program (T.1009.15)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Keywords
- ocean deoxygenation, coastal waters, microbial respiration, oxygen solubility, nutrient loading, global warming, marine fisheries, estuarine ecosystems
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring, Fisheries, Oceans and Seas, Oxygen, Seawater, Global Warming, Aquatic Organisms
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