Toxicity prediction based on artificial intelligence: A multidisciplinary overview
Abstract
Abstract The use and production of chemical compounds are subjected to strong legislative pressure. Chemical toxicity and adverse effects derived from exposure to chemicals are key regulatory aspects for a multitude of industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, or food, due to direct harm to humans, animals, plants, or the environment. Simultaneously, there are growing demands on the authorities to replace traditional in vivo toxicity tests carried out on laboratory animals (e.g., European Union REACH/3R principles, Tox21 and ToxCast by the U.S. government, etc.) with in silica computational models. This is not only for ethical aspects, but also because of its greater economic and time efficiency, as well as more recently because of their superior reliability and robustness than in vivo tests, mainly since the entry into the scene of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based models, promoting and setting the necessary requirements that these new in silico methodologies must meet. This review offers a multidisciplinary overview of the state of the art in the application of AI‐based methodologies for the fulfillment of regulatory‐related toxicological issues. This article is categorized under: Data Science > Chemoinformatics Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
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ML trained on large databases of known toxic and non-toxic compounds has made significant contributions to prevent the toxicity of potential drug compounds.
“Significant contributions to prevent the toxicity of potential drug compounds, employing intensive training using large databases of known toxic and non-toxic compounds for ML, have also been published [17].”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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Role of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing drug discovery
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Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches in drug screening
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Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of plant essential oils: A systematic review
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Artificial intelligence (AI)—it’s the end of the tox as we know it (and I feel fine)*
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The Role of AI in Drug Discovery
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Probabilistic risk assessment – the keystone for the future of toxicology
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Integrating AI and advanced spectroscopic techniques for precision food safety and quality control
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Next generation radiotheranostics promoting precision medicine
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Compound–protein interaction prediction by deep learning: Databases, descriptors and models
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Artificial intelligence as the new frontier in chemical risk assessment
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An updated review of functional ingredients of Manuka honey and their value-added innovations
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User-friendly and industry-integrated AI for medicinal chemists and pharmaceuticals
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Artificial Intelligence Applications in Smart Healthcare: A Survey
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Advances of computational methods enhance the development of multi-epitope vaccines
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Multitask Deep Neural Networks for Ames Mutagenicity Prediction
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Digital Technology Applications in the Management of Adverse Drug Reactions: Bibliometric Analysis
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Creating 3D Objects with Integrated Electronics via Multiphoton Fabrication In Vitro and In Vivo
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Machine Learning for Bridging the Gap between Density Functional Theory and Coupled Cluster Energies
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Deep Learning in Environmental Toxicology: Current Progress and Open Challenges
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A Review of the Applications, Benefits, and Challenges of Generative AI for Sustainable Toxicology
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Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery and Development
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Artificial Intelligence: Future Aspects in the Pharmaceutical Industry an Overview
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Applicability domains of neural networks for toxicity prediction
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Artificial Intelligence in Bioremediation and Environmental Management
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Design and Diversity Analysis of Chemical Libraries in Drug Discovery
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Multimodal deep learning for chemical toxicity prediction and management
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Bioactive peptides as multipotent molecules bespoke and designed for Alzheimer's disease
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Traditional Machine and Deep Learning for Predicting Toxicity Endpoints
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AI in Clinical Trials and Drug Development: Challenges and Potential Advancements
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Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Toxicology
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Build-a-Bio-Strip: An Online Platform for Rapid Toxicity Assessment in Chemical Synthesis
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Methodology to classify hazardous compounds via deep learning based on convolutional neural networks
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicity
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Therapeutic Potential of Biotoxins and Biotechnological Innovations
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Machine Learning Models Based on Enlarged Chemical Spaces for Screening Carcinogenic Chemicals
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One Health and a Computational Biology approach
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Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Toxicity Prediction of Drugs
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Application of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical development
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Designing transparent and accountable AI systems for healthcare
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- Authors
- Pérez Santín, E., Rodríguez Solana, R., González García, M., García Suárez, M. D. M., Blanco Díaz, G. D., Cima Cabal, M. D., Moreno Rojas, J. M., & López Sánchez, J. I.
- Affiliations
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT) Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) Logroño Spain
- Department of Food Science and Health Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo Avda Córdoba, Andalucía Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- WIREs Computational Molecular Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 1759-0876 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-0884
- OpenAlex
- W3127020663
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 200
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 11.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science (publishedVersion)
- Re-Unir (International University of La Rioja) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Keywords
- chemical toxicity prediction, artificial intelligence, machine learning, 3Rs, animal-free testing, regulatory toxicology, REACH regulation, Tox21, ToxCast, cheminformatics, chemical safety assessment
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