The involvement of molybdenum in life

Williams, R.J.P.; Fraústo da Silva, J.J.R.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6518

Cited by 181Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteinsOrigins and Evolution of LifeMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms

The involvement of molybdenum in life

Williams, R.J.P., Fraústo da Silva, J.J.R.·2002·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

DOI 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6518

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Abstract

Quite extraordinarily molybdenum is an essential element in life for the uptake of nitrogen from both nitrogen gas and nitrate, yet it is a relatively rare heavy trace element. It also functions in a few extremely important oxygen-atom transfer reactions at low redox potential. This review poses the question "Why does life depend upon molybdenum?" The answer has to be based upon the availability of the element and on chemical superiority in carrying out the essential tasks. We illustrate here the peculiarities of molybdenum chemistry and how they have become part of certain enzymes. The uptake and incorporation of molybdenum are dependent on its availability, selective pumps, and carriers (chaperones), but 4.5 x 10(9) years ago molybdenum was not available when both tungsten and vanadium or even iron were possibly used in its place. While these possibilities are explored, they leave many unanswered questions concerning the selection today of molybdenum.

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Tungsten is used by primitive anaerobic prokaryotes and mostly filled roles now played by Mo.
“Tungsten is used by primitive anaerobic prokaryotes and mostly filled roles now played by Mo (Williams et al., 2002;Pushie et al., 2014).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Williams et al., 2002

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“There would also have been very little molybdenum (largely precipitated as MoS2) but more tungsten, which is not so easily reduced from the W(VI) state to the insoluble WS2, and almost certainly more vanadium than molybdenum since it would have been present in more soluble species (5).”
Background
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Background
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Background
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Authors: Williams, R. J. P., & Fraústo da Silva, J. J. R.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Williams, R.J.P.
ORCID: Williams, R.J.P.
Venue: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-03
Volume: 292
Issue: 2
Pages: 293-299
ISSN: 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6518
OpenAlex: W2082368417
Cited by: 181
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
Keywords: molybdenum, molybdenum enzymes, nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, oxygen atom transfer, trace elements, molybdenum uptake, tungsten, vanadium, iron, molybdenum chemistry
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteria, Carrier Proteins, Coenzymes, Biological Evolution, Metalloproteins, Models, Chemical, Molybdenum, Nitrogen Fixation, Oxidation-Reduction, Tungsten, Vanadium, Life

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The involvement of molybdenum in life

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