Cited by 291Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersTryptophan and brain disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Regulation of the HPA axis by cytokines.

Turnbull, A.V., Rivier, C.·1995·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI 10.1006/brbi.1995.1026

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Cytokines are a group of polypeptide mediators, classically associated with the regulation of immunity and inflammation. However, these peptides regulate not only local immune/inflammatory responses, but also elicit many CNS-mediated responses which accompany such immune/inflammatory reactions. This article reviews the evidence that interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) produce hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in response to various threats to homeostasis. To aid such an examination, and to gain insights into the potential mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the HPA axis, experimental findings are discussed within a framework of criteria. If a particular cytokine plays a significant role in the regulation of the HPA axis in response to a particular pathophysiology, then necessarily: (1) receptors for that cytokine should be present within tissues associated with the HPA axis; (2) administration of that cytokine should elicit HPA activation; (3) the HPA axis should be exposed to that cytokine; and (4) inhibition of the action of that cytokine should prevent HPA activation. The evidence discussed indicates that some, if not all, of these criteria are met for each of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFalpha. However, the extensive interactions between different cytokines, the broad spectrum of pathophysiologies associated with increased cytokine production (including inflammatory and non-inflammatory stresses), and the number of tissues/cells capable of either synthesizing or responding to cytokines, suggest that multiple mechanisms mediate the influence of cytokines on the HPA axis.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1006/brbi.1995.1026

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–291 of 291

Responses of the Hypophyseal-Adrenal System to Stress and Immune Stimuli in Gray Rats Selected for Behavior
Шихевич, С. Г., Oskina, I. N., & Plyusnina, I. Z. (2003) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1023/a:1025940603989 · Cited by 9
Pituitary response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in children with overweight and obesity
Rijks, J. H. J., Penders, B., Dorenbos, E., Straetemans, S., Gerver, W. M., & Vreugdenhil, A. C. E. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31032 · Cited by 10
Cytokine Effects on Neuroendocrine Axes: Influence of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide
Turnbull, A. V., & RIVIER, C. L. (1996) · Neuroscience intelligence unit · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9695-0_6 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene is associated with adolescents’ cortisol reactivity and anxiety
Lipschutz, R. S., Bick, J. R., Nguyen, V., Lee, M., Leng, L., Grigorenko, E. L., Bucala, R., Mayes, L. C., & Crowley, M. J. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.033 · Cited by 8
Understanding the Causes of Reduced Startle Reactivity in Stress-Related Mental Disorders
Kevin, D., & Ma, J. E. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53066 · Cited by 8
Behavioral features and effects of transport procedures on endocrine variables of horses
Ferlazzo, A., Fazio, E., & Medica, P. (2020) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2020.06.002 · Cited by 11
Hypothalamic β-endorphin concentrations are decreased in animals models of autoimmune disease
Sacerdote, P., Lechner, O., Sidman, C. L., Wick, G., & Panerai, A. E. (1999) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00067-3 · Cited by 8
Advancing the allostatic load model in military training research: from theory to application
Feigel, E., Koltun, K., Lovalekar, M., Friedl, K., Martin, B., & Nindl, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1638451 · Cited by 7
Environment, the Immune System, and Depression: An Integrative Review and Discussion of the Infection-Defense Hypothesis
Tanaka, M., Anders, S. L., & Kinney, D. K. (2012) · Molecular and integrative toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-812-2_14 · Cited by 7
Induction of immune activation by a novel immunomodulatory oligonucleotide without thymocyte apoptosis
Jiang, W., Reich, C. F., You, D., Kandimalla, E., Agrawal, S., & Pisetsky, D. S. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.001 · Cited by 7
Are the Adaptogenic Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids Mediated via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines?
Bradbury, J., Brooks, L. O., & Myers, S. P. (2011) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/209197 · Cited by 6
Short‐term fasting leads to inhibition of responsiveness to LH‐stimulated testosterone secretion in the adult male bonnet monkey
Medhamurthy, R., Priyanka, G., Vinuthan, M. K., & Manjunatha, A. M. (2007) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20406 · Cited by 6
Radiodetoxified Lipopolysaccharide Fails to Activate the Hypophyseal- Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Rat
Barna, I., Bertók, L., Koenig, J. I., & Makara, G. B. (2000) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000054272 · Cited by 6
Effect of Interleukin 1β on the HPA Axis in H1-Receptor Knockout Mice
Toftegaard, C. L., Knigge, U., Kjær, A., Watanabe, T., Friis-Hansen, L. J., & Warberg, J. (2002) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000071475 · Cited by 6
Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Modulates Cardiovascular and Pupillary Autonomic Reflexes in Man
Pongratz, G., Zietz, B., Glück, T., Schölmerich, J., & Straub, R. H. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04238.x · Cited by 6
Inflammation and treatment strategies for suicidal behavior
Behera, C., Gupta, S., Shelton, R. C., & Dwivedi, Y. (2026) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2026.2659772 · Cited by 5
Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Javidi, N., Khorasani, Z. M., Salari, R., Niroumand, S., & Yousefi, M. (2023) · Current Drug Discovery Technologies · doi:10.2174/1570163820666230403091841 · Cited by 5
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Axis
Rhodes, M. E., McKlveen, J. M., Ripepi, D. R., & Gentile, N. E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00073-5 · Cited by 5
gp130-Related Cytokines and Their Receptors in the Pituitary
Melmed, S. K. (1998) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00043-5 · Cited by 5
IFN-γ production in rabbits: Behavioral and endocrine correlates
Muscettola, M., Massai, L., Lodi, L., Briganti, F., Fontani, G., & Lupo, C. (2003) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02378-0 · Cited by 5
Blunted cortisol response after administration of corticotropin releasing hormone in endotoxemic dogs
Moeniralam, H. S., Endert, E., van Lanschot, J. J. B., Sauerwein, H. P., & Romijn, J. A. (1997) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03348004 · Cited by 5
Changes in plasma hormone levels following lipopolysaccharide injection in rabbits
Marca, M. C., Gómez-Quintero, A., Viñuales, C., & Rodriguez‐Yoldi, M. J. (2008) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.013 · Cited by 5
Interrelationships Between Acute and Chronic Exercise and the Immune and Endocrine Systems
Natale, V. M., & Shephard, R. J. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-016-2_16 · Cited by 5
Schlaf und Schlafrigkeit im Rahmen von Infektionen und im Rahmen experimenteller Immunmodulation beim Menschen*. Sleep and Sleepiness in the Course of Infections and of Experimental Immunomodulation in Humans
Pollmächer, T., Schuld, A., Kraus, T., Haack, M., Hinze‐Selch, D., & Mullington, J. M. (2000) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1046/j.1439-054x.2000.12700.x · Cited by 5
The Role of Various Types of Diets in the Treatments of Depressive Disorders
Lis, A., Maj, P., Świętek, A., & Romuk, E. B. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61101737 · Cited by 5
Enduring sex-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide treatment on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in mice
Smith, K. B., Zhong, J., Gostlin, S. K., Liang, J., & Ismail, N. (2023) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114324 · Cited by 4
Repeated immune challenges affect testosterone but not sperm quality
Needham, K. B., Kucera, A. C., Heidinger, B. J., & Greives, T. J. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2110 · Cited by 4
Effekte Akuter Entzündungsreaktionen auf Gedächtnisleistungen, Befindlichkeiten und Neurale Aktivitäten: Effects of an Acute Inflammation on Memory Performance, Mood and Brain Activity
Kullmann, J. S., Grigoleit, J.-S., & Schedlowski, M. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.3233/zmp-2011-2024 · Cited by 3
Effect of saffron extract supplementation on mood in healthy adults with subclinical symptoms of depression: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study
Amadieu, C., Leyrolle, Q., Farneti, M., Anesi, A., Bruchet, E., Montet, J., Dexpert, S., Gaudout, D., Mattivi, F., Pourtau, L., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.050 · Cited by 3
Association between perceived distress and salivary cortisol in veterans with mTBI
Donovan, M. L., Forster, J. E., Betthauser, L. M., Stamper, C. E., Penzenik, M. E., Hernández, T. D., Bahraini, N. H., & Brenner, L. A. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100123 · Cited by 2
Leukocytes and Cytokines Present in Fish Testis
Ayala, A. G., & Chaves-Pozo, E. (2009) · Science Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1201/b10188-3 · Cited by 3
Photoperiodism in Mammals: Regulation of Nonreproductive Traits
Demas, G. E., Weil, Z. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335903.003.0019 · Cited by 3
Depression following graft-versus-host disease in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A case report
Tsamakis, K., Mueller, C., Tsirigotis, P. D., Tsiptsios, D., Tsamakis, C., Charakopoulos, E., Charalampous, C., Spandidos, D. A., Douzenis, A., Papageorgiou, C., et al. (2019) · Molecular and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.3892/mco.2019.1970 · Cited by 3
Neurohormonal mechanisms in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Lindmark, S. (2004) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 3
Quantifying exposure to psychological and physiological stress and automotive design
Shelton-Rayner, G. K. (2009) · Coventry University Open Collections (Coventry university) · Cited by 3
Hydroxyurea induces vasopressin release and cytokine gene expression in the rat hypothalamus
Navarra, P., Tringali, G., Fabricio, A. S. C., Proietti, A., Vairano, M., Pozzoli, G., & Preziosi, P. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.06.007 · Cited by 2
Biological Embedding of Childhood Maltreatment in Adult Depression
Jawahar, M. C., & Baune, B. T. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811073-7.00017-9 · Cited by 2
A review on hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis
Ganesh, V. S., Darshan, C. M., Chaithra, G. C., Nischitha, S., & Anupama, H. B. (2022) · The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.37022/tjmdr.v2i3.378 · Cited by 2
Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System Function: Regulation and Counterregulation
Spencer, R. L., Kalman, B. A., & Dhabhar, F. S. (2000) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2000.tb01523.x · Cited by 2
Neuroimmune Regulation of Chronic Inflammation: A Systems Perspective on Acupuncture
Gong, C. (2026) · Chinese medicine and natural products · doi:10.1055/a-2814-6372 · Cited by 1
Leukocytes and cytokines present in fish testis: a review.
Ayala, A. G., Chaves-Pozo, E., Zaccone, G., Meseguer, J., & Kapoor, B. G. (2008) · Cited by 1
[Latest Findings on the Interaction Mechanism Between Depressive Disorder and Intestinal Permeability].
Zhang, Z.-H., Xu, D.-Y., Chen, G., Teng, T., Wu, H., & Zhou, X. (2023) · 四川大学学报：医学版 · doi:10.12182/20230360503 · Cited by 1
Potency of nano-zinc oxide on caspase-3 of male quail exposed to lipopolysaccharide
Maty, H. N., Hameed, H. M., & Hassan, A. A. (2023) · Al-mağallaẗ al-ʻirāqiyyaẗ li-l-ʻulūm al-bayṭariyyaẗ/Iraqi journal of veterinary sciences · doi:10.33899/ijvs.2023.141585.3121 · Cited by 1
Mouse Testing Methods in Psychoneuroimmunology: Measuring Behavioral Responses
Krauklis, S. A., Towers, A. E., York, J. M., Baynard, T., Gainey, S. J., Freund, G. G., & Steelman, A. J. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4200-9_10 · Cited by 1
Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Endocrine Organs
Siddhanta, S. (2020) · Bengal Physician Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10070-7011 · Cited by 1
Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes
O’Loughlin, A. (2011) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 1
Effects of Cytokines on Cerebral Neurotransmission and Potential Relationships to Function
Dunn, A. J. (2003) · Neurobiological foundation of aberrant behaviors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0323-1_4 · Cited by 1
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cytokines in Healthy and Depressed Subjects
Voderholzer, U., Hohagen, F., Herr, A., Suck, A. T., Klein, T., Harter, C., Fiebich, B. L., & Riemann, D. W. (2001) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000058899
Indicadores de lesão muscular e inflamação em ciclistas de elite em diferentes situações competitivas.
Souza, H. A. (2008) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.42.2008.tde-30052008-130241
Bipolar Disorder: not only in the Brain - immunological aspects
Knijff, E. M. (2006) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Psychoneuroimmunology: The final hurdle
Overmier, J. B., & Gahtan, E. (1998) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02688658
Distribution of Il6st mRNA and gp130 glycoprotein in various brain structures of mice that differ in intensity of exaggerated freezing reaction (catalepsy)
Sinyakova, N. A., Kondaurova, E. M., Kulikov, A. V., Naumenko, V. S., Tikhonova, M. A., & Popova, N. K. (2013) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s002689331303014x
Concept moderne de la réponse systémique de la phase aiguë de l'inflammation
Engler, R. (1996) · Revue Française d Allergologie et d Immunologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/s0335-7457(96)80111-0
Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid effects in a model of allergic airway inflammation.
Georén, S. K. (2008) · Figshare
An integrative approach to the effect of interleukin-6 on adaptation to restraint stress in rats
Viljoen, M. (2009) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Metal-specifi c lymphocytes: biomarkers of sensitivity in man
Stejskal, V. D. M., Danersund, A., Lindvall, A., Hudecek, R., Nordman, V., Yaqob, A., Mayer, W. J., Bieger, W. P., & Lindh, U. (1999)
INFLUENCE OF A MIXTURE OF TWO POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB 47/77) ON PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL-6, TNF-á) AND ASSOCIATIVE BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
Asbrock, C. M. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Review Neuroendocrine and immune interactions with airway macrophages
James, D., & Nijkamp, F. P. (2000)
Avaliação dos efeitos do estresse por calor sobre a imunidade de frangos de corte em modelos experimentais de enterite necrótica aviária
Calefi, A. S. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2016.tde-07102016-124200
Metabolic endocrine and cardiovascular aberrations in overweight and obese children
Rijks, J. H. J. (2016) · doi:10.26481/dis.20161215jr
Corticosteroids and interleukin-1, messengers for communication between the endocrine and immune system in carp
Weyts, F. A. A. (1998) · doi:10.18174/210313
Effect of Interleukin 1ß on the HPA Axis in H 1 -Receptor Knockout Mice
Toftegaard, C. L., Knigge, U., Kjær, A., Watanabe, T., Friis-Hansen, L. J., & Warberg, J. (2014)
Reversal of neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress by polyherbal formulation in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress
Shah, K. M., Mody, V. D., & Goswami, S. S. (2019) · Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.31024/ajpp.2019.5.5.20
Avaliação dos efeitos sistêmicos de lipopolissacarídeo sobre o eixo neuroimune de frangos de corte
Fonseca, J. G. D. S. (2019) · doi:10.11606/d.10.2019.tde-29082019-100933
NEURO-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE MODULATION BY AYURVEDIC RASAYANA DRUGS
Brahma, S. K. (2021) · International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research · doi:10.47070/ijapr.v8i12.1734 · Cited by 2
Endocrine Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Kostoglou‐Athanassiou, I., Athanassiou, L., & Athanassiou, P. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97363
A Review of Endocrine Orchestra in the Times of COVID Pandemic
Bhar, D. (2020) · Bengal Physician Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10070-7036
GUT-MICROBIOME-BRAIN AXIS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE (Review Article)
SAJI, J. S., SHARON, S., TRINITA, R., SAFAR, B., KAVIL, K. I., & Akhvlediani, T. (2022) · EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA · doi:10.52340/jecm.2022.02.19
Pituitary and COVID-19: review
Buyvalenko, U. V., Александровна, П. М., Алексеевна, З. Р., Belaya, Z. E., & Mel'nichenko, G. A. (2022) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl13108
Evaluation of maternal cortisol-to-highly sensitive C-reactive protein ratio and glucocorticoid receptor resistance at 11–14 weeks of pregnancy to predict pre-eclampsia
Jhansi, K., & Harsoda, J. M. (2022) · Current Medicine Research and Practice · doi:10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_46_22
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Links with Plasma Cytokines: IL-6 and Beyond
Parlikar, R. U., & Shivakumar, V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_131-1
Comprehensive analysis of adrenal crisis management: Emergency and paramedic interventions in acute endocrine emergencies
Alanazi, Y. A. J., Alotaibi, M., Alanizi, A. A., Alanzi, N. R., Alanizi, L. A., Almasoudi, I. H., Alqahtani, K. M., Alshehri, A. A., Alqahtani, N. S., Alamri, F. H., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijls.v8ns1.15478
A comparative study on the effects of drug, exercise, alcohol, and preadaptation interventions in a chronic restraint stress mouse model
Hu, K., Zhao, Y., Guo, R., Yi, Y., Jia, K., Zheng, S., Gao, Y., & Wang, J. (2025) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2024-1343
Association between cytokines and depressive symptoms in adolescents: gender and depressive symptom clusters specificity
Zhang, Y., Suo, X., Wang, X., Sun, Y., Xu, J., Xu, W., Pan, L., Wang, J., & Gao, J. D. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120150
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Links with Plasma Cytokines: IL-6 and Beyond
Parlikar, R. U., & Shivakumar, V. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_131
Hypothalamic regulation of obesity: Revealing the therapeutic potential of a novel anti-obesity peptide
Choo, Y. N., Narayanan, R., & Subramaniyan, V. (2025) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2025.107553 · Cited by 1
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis vs. the sympatho-adrenal medullary system in the acute response to psychological stress
van Vuuren, M. J. (2011) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Regulation of intra-adipose cortisol concentrations in vivo in humans
Hughes, K. A. (2011) · ERA
Gut dysbiosis and its potential role in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric disorders: A literature review
Wajdowicz, H., Warzocha, M., Czerniak, P., Buszek, J., Antoszewska, A., Bargieł, W., Bąk, D., Medygrał, M., & Dydoń-Pikor, M. (2025) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2025.13241
Evaluation of the Effect of IL‐1 Antagonists on Pituitary Function
Koc, F. A., Sarıakçalı, B., & Sahin, A. (2026) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/ije/8796993
Glucocorticoids and Neutrophil Biology: Impact on the Development of Resistance to Glucocorticoid Therapy
dos Santos, P. F., da Mota, R., de Sá, Y. A. P. J., Hogaboam, C. M., Castro-Faria-Neto, H. C., & Carvalho, V. F. (2026) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000551742
Etude de la voie de la kynurénine dans la symptomatologie du sujet obèse
Huet, L. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ff26d7c8z4c5fz4c86z9e6ezd8d843268447
Insular Cortex neurons projecting to the vagal complex : characterization and roles in behavior and inflammation
Dupin, A. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f2a9b4cez01f6z472dzbaa3zc24f590ca8fd
Protective effects of vitamin E and quercetin against MDMA-induced cardiac and hematological dysfunction in male wistar rats
Ajayi, A. F., Oluwole, D. T., Hamed, M. A., Jegede, A. J., Adisa, F. B., Okeleji, L. O., Iyiola, T. O., & Akano, O. P. (2026) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-026-03169-w
Human placental extract, melsmon, suppresses stress-induced neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation in a mouse model of depression
Oka, N., Shimada, K., Ishii, A., Watanabe, Y., Kondo, K., & Yamamoto, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1786578
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and compounds on cancer-related fatigue: The current understandings of the mechanisms
Wu, C., Nishi, A., Sun, Z., Zhao, J., & Chen, G. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2026.100175 · Cited by 1
Auto-immunité au féminin : du chromosome X à la grossesse
Nansion, M. (2026) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2026.06.037
The NO-cGMP signaling pathway and depression: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Wenling, P., Yuting, S. U. N., Dai, X., Huo, Q., Zuo, Z., Xie, F., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-026-12593-1
The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Li, H., Liu, X., Lei, C., Xiao, X., Hu, X., Chen, X., Zhong, D., Xue, P., Fan, J., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06152-9
Disease progression shapes circadian and locomotor disruption in a model of multiple sclerosisPreprint
Li, V. W., Segal, J. P., & Ghasemlou, N. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.08.757675
Responses of the HPA axis after chronic variable stress: Effects ofnovel and familiar stressors
Tartar, J. L., & Devine, D. P. (2003)

Authors: Turnbull, A. V., & Rivier, C.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
Venue: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-12
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Pages: 253-275
ISSN: 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/brbi.1995.1026
OpenAlex: W1963723844
Cited by: 289
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 5.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-51774, R01MH051774)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 26741, P01DK026741)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-α, neuroendocrine regulation, cytokine receptors, inflammation, stress response, homeostasis
MeSH terms: Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Interleukin-1, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Neuroimmunomodulation, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Receptors, Cytokine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Regulation of the HPA axis by cytokines.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks