Amyloid load and neural elements in Alzheimer's disease and nondemented individuals with high amyloid plaque density
Abstract
The amyloid burden and relationship between amyloid deposits and neural elements were investigated in sections of prefrontal neocortex from eight Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and four age-matched nondemented controls with high amyloid plaque density (HPND). Computer-based image analysis revealed that the total area occupied by betaA4 immunoreactivity was significantly greater (P < 0.031) in AD (27.1%) than in HPND (14.5%) sections. The total betaA4-positive area occupied by nondiffuse plaques was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in AD (13.6%) than in HPND (5.2%) sections. The percentage of diffuse (DPs) and nondiffuse plaques (NDPs) which contained neurons, astrocytes, microglia, dystrophic neurites, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) was also determined. The frequency of association between betaA4 and these neural elements was similar between AD and HPND cases in both diffuse and nondiffuse plaques. Forty percent of DPs in AD and HPND sections contained neuronal perikarya. Microglia, dystrophic neurites, and APP were detected in most nondiffuse plaques in both AD and HPND sections. While astrocyte cell bodies were not present in either diffuse or nondiffuse plaques, their processes were detected in most. These findings indicate that amyloid deposition and nondiffuse plaques are greater in AD than in HPND sections. The association between microglia and nondiffuse plaques supports the hypothesis that these resident immune cells participate in aggregation and redistribution of amyloid deposits and possibly formation of dystrophic neurites.
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Five papers identified greater levels of ferritin, ferritin-positive microglia or microglia-associated plaques in Alzheimer's disease in at least one of the brain regions measured.
“Five of these papers identified greater levels of ferritin, ferritin-positive microglia or microglia-associated plaques in AD in at least one of the brain regions measured,96, 98, 99, 100, 101”
From Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Higher ferritin-positive microglia was reported in Alzheimer's disease relative to control in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal neocortices.
“Higher ferritin-positive microglia was also reported in AD relative to control in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal neocortices.99”
From Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Three papers that measured ferritin-positive cell counts or protein levels in the hippocampus identified higher levels in Alzheimer's disease.
“Three papers that measured ferritin-positive cell counts or protein levels in the hippocampus identified higher levels in AD,96, 99, 101”
From Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Few studies have described cellular or molecular correlates of resilient brain aging.
“There have been relatively few reports describing cellular or molecular correlates of resilient brain aging.”
From Cellular, synaptic, and biochemical features of resilient cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (2013) · cites this paper as Mochizuki, et al., 1996
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- Authors
- Mochizuki, A., Peterson, J. W., Mufson, E. J., & Trapp, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-102
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010694299
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns030451-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 10161, AG09466, P30AG010161, P01AG009466)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 30451)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques, amyloid-beta, prefrontal cortex, diffuse plaques, microglia, astrocytes, dystrophic neurites, amyloid precursor protein, neuronal perikarya, amyloid deposition
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Astrocytes, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Prefrontal Cortex, Microglia
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