Cited by 504Endometriosis Research and TreatmentEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

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Endometriosis in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Following Chronic Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Rier, S·1993·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

DOI 10.1006/faat.1993.1119

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Abstract

The incidence of the reproductive disease endometriosis was determined in a colony of rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) for a period of 4 years. Ten years after termination of dioxin treatment, the presence of endometriosis was documented by surgical laparoscopy and the severity of disease was assessed. The incidence of endometriosis was directly correlated with dioxin exposure and the severity of disease was dependent upon the dose administered (p < 0.001). Three of 7 animals exposed to 5 ppt dioxin (43%) and 5 of 7 animals exposed to 25 ppt dioxin (71%) had moderate to severe endometriosis. In contrast, the frequency of disease in the control group was 33%, similar to an overall prevalence of 30% in 304 rhesus monkeys housed at The Harlow Primate Center with no dioxin exposure. This 15-year study indicates that latent female reproductive abnormalities may be associated with dioxin exposure in the rhesus. Therefore, the effects of this toxin may be more diverse than previously recognized.

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Authors: Rier, S.
Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Rier, S
ORCID: Rier, S
Venue: Fundamental and Applied Toxicology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1993-11
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 433-441
ISSN: 0272-0590 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/faat.1993.1119
OpenAlex: W2121492292
Cited by: 502
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 13.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords: endometriosis, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, dioxins, rhesus monkeys, long-term exposure, dose-response relationship, endometriosis severity, chronic toxicity
MeSH terms: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Animals, Endometriosis, Female, Macaca mulatta, Monkey Diseases

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Endometriosis in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Following Chronic Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

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