The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personality, peer relations, and self-confidence as predictors of happiness and loneliness
Abstract
This study is set out to examine to what extent peer relations, self-confidence, and school performance correlated with self-rated happiness (OHI) and loneliness (UCLA LS) in adolescents. Personality traits (EPQ), self-confidence (PEI), friendship and school grades were all significantly oppositely correlated with happiness and loneliness. Regressional analysis revealed that extraversion and neuroticism were direct predictors of happiness and self-confidence, while psychoticism and extraversion were direct predictors of loneliness. The effect of sex on happiness and loneliness was moderated by friendship and neuroticism, and by neuroticism and psychoticism, respectively. Extraversion was also a significant predictor of general confidence and social interactions which directly influenced loneliness whilst psychoticism was a direct predictor of loneliness. Self-rated school performance was the only direct predictor of happiness whereas general confidence and social interactions were related to adolescents' self-reported loneliness.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Loneliness is often considered a specific form of emotional distress, whereas negative affect is considered to be a more general form”
From Adolescent Loneliness and Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Extraversion and Neuroticism (2023) · cites this paper as Cheng & Furnham, 2002
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Society and the adolescent self-image
Stoodley, B. H., & Rosenberg, M. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091308 · Cited by 16,818
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,609
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Р., Н. М., & Ю., Б. С. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,969
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,925
The Biological Basis of Personality
Eysenck, H. J. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351305280 · Cited by 2,988
Loneliness: the experience of emotional and social isolation
Weiss, R. S. (1974) · Cited by 2,513
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x · Cited by 2,383
Developing a measure of loneliness
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11 · Cited by 2,089
Argyle, M. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315812212 · Cited by 1,549
Rubin, Z. (1970) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029841 · Cited by 1,254
The provisions of social relationships
Weiss, R. S. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,141
The Biological Basis of Personality
Brody, N. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-091707-8.50008-2 · Cited by 907
The Features and Effects of Friendship in Early Adolescence
Berndt, T. J. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130071 · Cited by 738
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1996) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0596-70 · Cited by 736
Affectometer 2: A scale to measure current level of general happiness
Kammann, R., & Flett, R. A. (1983) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049538308255070 · Cited by 490
Gender Differences in Loneliness
Borys, S., & Perlman, D. (1985) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167285111006 · Cited by 476
The Sense of Well-Being in America: Recent Patterns and Trends. by Angus Campbell
Cantril, A. H. (1982) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2149331 · Cited by 461
Recent advances in social psychology : an international perspective
Forgas, J. P., & Innes, J. M. (1989) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 440
Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters.
Argyle, M., Martin, M. P., & Crossland, J. (1989) · Cited by 427
The Sense of Well-Being in America: Recent Patterns and Trends.
Stember, C. H., & Campbell, A. (1982) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2578113 · Cited by 418
Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90128-e · Cited by 412
The relation of social network and individual difference variables to loneliness.
Stokes, J. P. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.981 · Cited by 306
Coriell, R., & Coriell, R. (1980) · DigitalCommons-Cedarville (Cedarville University) · Cited by 292
Perceived parental behaviour, self-esteem and happiness
Furnham, A. F., & Cheng, H. (2000) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050265 · Cited by 244
Self-citationConcomitants of social support: Social skills, physical attractiveness, and gender.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., Hacker, T., & Basham, R. B. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.2.469 · Cited by 237
Loneliness and Interpersonal Trust
Rotenberg, K. J. (1994) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1994.13.2.152 · Cited by 232
Social skills, social support, and psychosocial adjustment
Riggio, R. E., Watring, K. P., & Throckmorton, B. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90217-q · Cited by 178
Self-Confidence in College Students: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Behavioral Implications
Shrauger, J. S., & Schohn, M. (1995) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191195002003006 · Cited by 158
Furnham, A. F., & Brewin, C. R. (1990) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90138-h · Cited by 157
Self-citationPersonality as predictor of mental health and happiness in the East and West
Furnham, A. F., & Cheng, H. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00250-5 · Cited by 141
Self-citationRelationships between happiness and personality
Brebner, J., Donaldson, J., Kirby, N. H., & Ward, L. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00022-x · Cited by 119
Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. P. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00170-0 · Cited by 118
Friendship and personal adjustment during adolescence
Claes, M. (1992) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/0140-1971(92)90064-c · Cited by 107
Eysenck, M. W. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 104
General, social, and academic self-concepts of gifted adolescents
van Boxtel, H. W., & Mönks, F. J. (1992) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537335 · Cited by 102
Loneliness, Learned Resourcefulness, and Self‐Esteem in College Students
McWhirter, B. T. (1997) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1997.tb02362.x · Cited by 101
Koenig, L. J., Isaacs, A., & Schwartz, J. A. J. (1994) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1994.1004 · Cited by 93
Personality predictors of loneliness
Saklofske, D. H., & Yackulic, R. A. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90011-1 · Cited by 79
Seasonal Suicide Attempts and Forms of Loneliness
Wenz, F. V. (1977) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1977.40.3.807 · Cited by 76
Gender differences in loneliness and depression of university students seeking counselling
Wiseman, H., Guttfreund, D., & Lurie, I. (1995) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069889508253008 · Cited by 67
Furnham, A. F., & Cheng, H. (1997) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.761 · Cited by 67
Self-citationSocial Strategies and Loneliness
Nurmi, J., Toivonen, S., Salmela‐Aro, K., & Eronen, S. (1997) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224549709595497 · Cited by 64
Wiseman, H. (1997) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00146.x · Cited by 33
Relationship of Loneliness and its Affective Elements to Self-Esteem
Haines, D. A., Scalise, J. J., & Ginter, E. J. (1993) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.479 · Cited by 22
The self‐concept and social adaptation of hyperactive children in adolescence
Waddell, K. J. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374418409533169 · Cited by 18
The Relationship of Personal Attributes and Friendship Variables in Predicting Loneliness.
Ponzetti, J. J., & Cate, R. M. (1988) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 15
Selected Correlates of Creativity in Young Adults
Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., & Yarcheski, T. J. (1999) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1246 · Cited by 8
Katz, R. C., Frazer, N. L., & Wilson, L. (1993) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.476 · Cited by 5
The Self-Concept and Social Adaptation of Hyperactive Children in Adolescence
Waddell, K. J. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1301_8 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bell, 1956, Alcoholism and loneliness, Journal of Social Therapy, 2, 171
- Solano, 1978, Loneliness and perceptions of control: general traits versus specific attributions, Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 2, 201
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084 · Cited by 907
“As explained in Theoretical Background above, we expect a negative relationship between loneliness and each of happiness and SWL (Lewis & Joseph, 1995), assuming our measures are valid (Cheng & Furnham, 2002; Ozben, 2013).”
BackgroundLoneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617713052 · Cited by 783
“Given that loneliness has been linked to higher neuroticism and reduced extraversion (Cheng & Furnham, 2002; Vanhalst et al., 2012) and studies have linked personality to specific uses and motivations for using social technologies, personality may explain some of the inconsistencies in the…”
BackgroundKircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6 · Cited by 594
Subjective well-being and academic achievement: A meta-analysis
Buecker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B. A., Schneider, M., & Luhmann, M. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.007 · Cited by 726
Academic Correlates of Children and Adolescents' Life Satisfaction
Suldo, S. M., Riley, K. N., & Shaffer, E. J. (2006) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034306073411 · Cited by 429
“Using the Oxford Happiness Inventory, Cheng and Furnham (2002) found a small correlation between school grades and happiness (r = 0.25) among 90 adolescents aged 16–18 from three schools in the UK.”
MethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- CHENG, H., & FURNHAM, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 327-339
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998254826
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- happiness, loneliness, adolescents, personality traits, extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, self-confidence, peer relationships, friendship, academic performance, sex differences, social interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Female, United Kingdom, Happiness, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Male, Personality, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Sex Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
